[1]汶林科,向灵芝,蔡 毅,等.雪崩的形成机理研究[J].山地学报,2016,(01):1-11.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000094]
 WEN Linke,XIANG Lingzhi,CAI Yi,et al.Research on the Formation Mechanism of Avalanche[J].Mountain Research,2016,(01):1-11.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000094]
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雪崩的形成机理研究()
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《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2016年01期
页码:
1-11
栏目:
学科前沿及热点
出版日期:
2016-02-01

文章信息/Info

Title:
Research on the Formation Mechanism of Avalanche
作者:
汶林科1向灵芝2蔡 毅3苏凤环4 严字忠3
1. 武警警种学院交通系,北京 102202; 2.重庆交通大学岩土工程研究所,重庆 400074; 3.武警水电第九支队,四川 成都 611136; 4.中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川 成都 610041
Author(s):
WEN Linke1XIANG Lingzhi2CAI Yi3SU Fenghuan4YAN Zizhong3
1. Department of Road Transport,the Institute of Military Branches of Chinese Armed Police Force,Beijing 102202,China; 2. Institute of Geotechnical Engineering,Chongqing Jiao tong University,Chongqing 400074,China; 3 .The 9th Branch of Hydroelectricity Troops of Chinese armed Police Force,Chengdu 611136,China; 4.Institute of Mountain hazards and Environment,CAS,Chengdu 610041,China
关键词:
积雪雪崩积雪破裂
Keywords:
snowavalanchesnowpack failure
分类号:
P931.4,P931.91,X4
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000094
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
雪崩灾害严重地威胁着山地旅游滑雪以及山区公路安全。因此,开展雪崩的预测预警研究很有必要,尤其是北京张家口联合申办2022年冬奥会成功,滑雪场雪层的安全性必将成为举办者必须考虑的问题。雪崩的预测预警与地形、气象因子和积雪关系密切。雪崩形成区的坡度大多在30~45°,坡形态、地面粗糙度和下垫面也会对雪崩产生影响。气象因子中与雪崩有关的主要因子包括:新雪、风和气温,高的新雪降雪量和降雪密度可诱发新雪雪崩,风向风速决定了积雪的再分配,而气温对积雪的力学性质发挥着决定性作用。积雪中的连续性雪晶能形成软弱层,是雪崩发生的必要条件。雪崩形成的步骤为三步:软弱层破裂的产生、传播以及断裂的出现。其中软弱层中雪体低强度带对破裂的产生和传播发挥了关键性的作用。
Abstract:
Avalanche are a major natural hazard,endangering human life and infrastructure in mountainous areas throughout the world,as well as the ski and transportations in these regions. As an effective way of disaster mitigation,avalanche forecasting is closely related to the formation factors as terrain,meteorological factors and snowpack. the slope angle of starting zone lie between 30° to 45°,terrain shape,roughness and vegetative cover can also exert influence on avalanche. The main meteorological factors that usually influence avalanche include new snow,wind and temperature. Among these factors,high snowfall amount and intensity can induce new avalanche. Wind speed and direction determine the reaccumulation of snowpack;temperatures decide the mechanical properties of snow. Among the snow crystal forms,the persistent forms play a critical role in avalanche formation. There are three fundamental step in avalanche formation:failure initiation,failure self-propagating and weak layer fracture. During the formation of the avalanche,the existence of shear deficit zone is extremely important.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2015-10-19;改回日期(Accepted):2015-10-25。 基金项目(Foundation item):中国科学院科技服务网络计划项目(KFJ-EW-STS-094)。[Science and technology service net project (KFJ-EW-STS-094).] 作者简介(Biography):汶林科(1968-),男,陕西眉县人,博士,副教授,主要从事灾害方面的研究。[Wen Linke, male, doctor, associate professor, major in the study field of disaster.] E-mail: wenlinke@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01