气候变化下西藏高寒湿地生态系统研究的意义和特点-《山地学报》

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Title:: Review and Evaluation of the Effect of the Climate Change on the High Altitude Wetland Ecosystem in Tibet Plateau

作者:: 刘伟龙; 赵慧; 王小丹; 程根伟; 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所, 四川成都 610041

Author(s):: LIU Weilong; ZHAO Hui; WANG Xiaodan; CHENG Genwei; Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu 610041, China

关键词:: 高寒; 湿地; 水生植物; 气候变化; 西藏

Keywords:: high altitude; wetland; aquatic macrophytes; climate change; Tibet Plateau

分类号:: S718. 55

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 高寒湿地为水生生物的生存提供了多样的栖息地。其中水生植物是水生生态系统中的初级生产者，可为众多的鱼类、水生动物和鸟类提供食料和庇护场所，也对水环境健康具有独特的指示作用。西藏是中国高寒湿地分布最广的省区之一，由于其特殊的地理位置和交通条件所限，水生植物研究目前尚处于起步阶段。随着气候变化在全球范围的影响日益显著，未来西藏水生植物的研究将会成为一个新的研究热点。通过梳理国内外水生植物的研究结果，对西藏水生植物的种类、分布、结构特征等进行了阐述，认为高寒湿地水位波动未来将更为频繁，水生生物的生存环境同时会发生较大的改变，水生植物的分布区可能会呈微弱扩大趋势，繁殖方式将从以前以无性繁殖为主转向无性与有性结合的方式，水生植物物候不确定性也会增加。提出了未来西藏水生植物研究应关注的重点，以期通过水生植物生理生态学及物候学的研究，反演和预测未来气候变化的趋势特征，为高寒湿地的研究提供一个新的视角。

Abstract:: Wetlands at high altitude of Tibet Plateau offer a diversity of habitats to numourous aquatic organisms. Aquatic macrophyte is one of the integral parts of aquatic ecosystem, with plants providing food and shelter for other organisms that are in and close to the water. Thus, the plants in a water body may influence not only the ecosystem alone but also the surroundings. Aquatic plants sensitively respond to the environmental changes within a wetland. The tolerance limit of aquatic macrophytes is facing a great challenge in the context of climate change. It is, therefore, possible to quantify and project the climate scenario by analyzing the dynamics of these plants. The plants at high altitudes are believed to be particularly sensitive to longterm climate change because abiotic factors, especially climate, dominate with respect to biotic interactions. As the Earth’s third pole, the Tibetan Plateau may be among the most sensitive to global climate change. The Plateau has experienced a pronounced warming in the past decades which has led to an accelerated glacier recession in recent years in the plateau , and the changing climate has placed additional pressure on alreadyvulnerable water ecosystems. As a result, snow, ice andfrozen ground melting havebrought sufficient water supply to some rivers or wetlands in the last three decades in the plateau. One of the prominent impacts is the water level fluctuation in the wetland. This has posed a significant impact on most wetlands which arerecharged mainly from snowmelting, permafrost thawing, and percolated rainwater in the Tibetan Plateau. Consequently, the species, community and structure of the aquatic macrophytes have to adjust to thechanging environment. However, few studies have been conducted in Tibet on the aquatic macrophyes on account of harsh climate, inconvenient transportation as well as the political controversy. In the hope of initiatinga new perspective on climate change from aquatic macrophytes in the Tibetan Plateau,this paper presents and analyzesrelevant literatures, the species identification, the plants distribution, the community structure and function to clarify the specious debate on aquatic macrophytes. It is suggested that the climate change will increase the distribution of certain macrophytes species along with the slightly expanded wetland. The water flow, bird and livestock could be the media to bring the seeds or other reproductive organs of the pioneer species in the new wetland. And the impact of climate warming on the timing of plant phenophases need to be stressed. Since the phenology of aquatic plants is easier influenced than its terrestrial counterparts, the linkage between climate change and aquatic plants can be used to better reestablish the historical climate or predict the future climate scenarios. Phenology, morphological plasticity and reproduction approaches of the aquatic macrophytes might be the key focus for the researchers in the future. The positive results of the potential research could uncover the correlation mechanism between climate change and aquatic ecosystem. Hopefully, the conclusion of this study will shed some light on predicting the climate change in the alpine biosphere from the perspective of aquaticmacrophytes.

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

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