[1]李中轩,吴国玺,孙艳丽,等.4.2~3.5 ka B.P.嵩山南麓的史前社会对逆向环境的适应[J].山地学报,2018,(06):833-843.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000379]
 LI Zhongxuan,WU Guoxi,SUN Yanli,et al.The Adaptation of Prehistoric Society of 4.2~3.5 ka B.P.to the Environment Stress in the Southern Songshan Mountain, China[J].Mountain Research,2018,(06):833-843.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000379]
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4.2~3.5 ka B.P.嵩山南麓的史前社会对逆向环境的适应()
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《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2018年06期
页码:
833-843
栏目:
山地环境
出版日期:
2018-11-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Adaptation of Prehistoric Society of 4.2~3.5 ka B.P.to the Environment Stress in the Southern Songshan Mountain, China
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2018)6-833-11
作者:
李中轩1吴国玺1孙艳丽1焦士兴2朱 诚3
1.许昌学院 城乡规划与园林学院,河南 许昌 461000; 2. 安阳师范学院 资源环境学院,河南 安阳 455000; 3. 南京大学 地理与海洋学院,南京 210063
Author(s):
LI Zhongxuan1 WU Guoxi1 SUN Yanli1 JIAO Shixing2 ZHU Cheng3
1.School of Urban Planning and Landscape Architecture, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China; 2. School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Anyang Teachers' University, Anyang 455000, China; 3. School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210063, China
关键词:
龙山晚期 二里头时期 生业经济 史前聚落 环境变迁
Keywords:
late Longshan Erlitou period subsistence economy prehistoric settlement environmental change
分类号:
P531,P95
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000379
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
聚落和生业是史前社会对逆向环境适应研究的重要内容。嵩山南麓地区在龙山晚期聚落众多、邦国林立,是开展史前聚落研究的理想区域。基于考古文献和ArcGIS工具,文章分析了龙山晚期和二里头时期聚落的时空变迁、生业结构和史前社会的地缘格局,认为:①新砦期(约3.9~3.8 ka B.P.)气候趋于冷干且洪水灾害频繁,加之部族冲突致使本区聚落的重心在二里头时期(约3.8~3.5 ka B.P.)从颍河上游地区转移到双洎河中游一带; ②颍河上游在龙山文化晚期的作物组合是粟、黍、大豆、稻谷,驯养动物组合是猪、狗、黄牛; 二里头时期的生业经济结构则得到优化:种植业引进了小麦、养殖业引进了绵羊,生产工具出现了耒、耜,生产力水平有较大提高; ③龙山晚期的颍河上游地区的城邑聚落众多,华夏、东夷、苗蛮三大集团之间既有合作也有冲突,酋邦内部推行“能人治理”机制,而且不同集团间的文化融合亦促进了史前社会的可持续发展,为早期国家的出现奠定了经济基础和政治架构。
Abstract:
Settlement and subsistence are important contents of the study on the adaptation of prehistoric society to an adverse environment. The southern region of the Songshan Mountain is an ideal place for the study of prehistoric settlements because of its numerous settlements and chiefdoms in the late Longshan Period. Based on archaeological document review and ArcGIS tool, this paper analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of settlements in the late Longshan and Erlitou period, the subsistence, and the hierarchical characteristics of prehistoric society. It is believed that:(1)the climate tended to be cold-dry in the Xinzhai Period(about 3.9~3.8 ka B.P.)and frequent flood disasters together with tribal conflicts drove the settlement concentration to migrate from the upper Yinghe River basin to the middle Shuangji River area in Erlitou Period(about 3.8~3.5 ka B.P.);(2)The crop combination in the upper reaches of the Yinghe River in the late Longshan Period was millet -broomcorn millet -soybean -rice, and the domesticated livestock combination was pig -dog -yellow cattle; In Erlitou Period, the subsistence mode was optimized; Wheat was introduced into planting industry and sheep was introduced into breeding industry, and the production tools appeared and the productivity level was greatly developed.(3)In the late Longshan Period, there were many settlements in the upper reaches of the Yinghe River, and there were both cooperation and conflicts among the three ethnic groups of Huaxia, Dongyi and Miaoman. The “elite-governance” mechanism was implemented within chiefdoms, and cultural integration among different groups also promoted the sustainable development of chiefdoms, laying an economic foundation and political framework for the formation of a country.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2018-03-11; 改回日期(Accepted date):2018-11-01
基金项目(Foundation item):教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(18YJAZH054); 河南省高等学校重点科研项目(19A170013)。[Humanity and Social Science Program of Ministry of Education of China(18YJAZH054); Key Research Program for Higher School of Henan Province of China(19A170013)]
作者简介(Biography):李中轩(1971-),男,河南渑池人,博士,副教授,自然地理学方向。[LI Zhongxuan(1971-), male, born in Mianchi, Henan province, Ph. D., associate professor, research on physical geography] E-mail: aysylzx@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2018-11-30