[1]张信宝*,刘 彧,王世杰,等.黄河、长江的形成演化及贯通时间[J].山地学报,2018,(05):661-668.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000362]
　ZHANG Xinbao*,LIU Yu,WANG Shijie,et al.On the Chronology of the Yellow Rivers and the Yangtze Rivers[J].Mountain Research,2018,(05):661-668.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000362]
点击复制

黄河、长江的形成演化及贯通时间()
分享到：

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2018年05期
页码:
661-668
栏目:
专家观点
出版日期:
2018-09-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
On the Chronology of the Yellow Rivers and the Yangtze Rivers
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2018)5-661-08
作者:
张信宝1*; 刘 彧2; 王世杰2; 刘维明1*; 薛雯轩3
1.中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都 610041; 2.中国科学院地球化学研究所,贵阳 550081; 3.西北师范大学 地理与环境科学学院,兰州 730070
Author(s):
ZHANG Xinbao1*; LIU Yu2; WANG Shijie2; LIU Weiming1*; XUE Wenxuan3
1.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; 2.Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Guiyang 550081, China; 3.College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal Unive
关键词:
黄河;  长江;  构造-气候-地貌;  连通;  贯通
Keywords:
Yellow River;  Yangtze River;  tectonics-climate-geomorphology;  connection;  river channelization
分类号:
P931.1
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000362
文献标志码:
B
摘要:
黄河、长江的形成演化是在新生代以来统一构造-气候-地貌体系中发生的重大地貌事件。印度板块与亚洲大陆碰撞和太平洋板块向亚洲大陆之下俯冲,造成了中国大陆地势从东高西低变为西高东低,和随之的东亚季风形成、强化,导致黄河、长江水系形成。中更新世以来的构造运动,导致青藏高原东缘山地的加速隆升,进入了冰冻圈,季节性冰川融水加大了河川径流,为两大河流的贯通奠定了水动力基础。末次间冰期的气候突然变暖,不但导致冰冻圈融水补给的河川径流陡增,可能给了长江、黄河贯通最后一击,而且加速了三峡一带碳酸盐岩地下化学溶蚀,促进地下河发育和瞿塘峡地表河袭夺的完成。黄河、长江在末次间冰期期间彻底贯通,现今的水系格局形成。黄河三门峡的贯通时间为0.125 Ma左右,长江三峡可能在0.30～0.12 Ma期间完成贯通。
Abstract:
The formation date and evolution of the Yellow Rivers and the Yangtze Rivers is an important geomorphological event in a united tectonics-climate-geomorphology system in Cenozoic era in China as well as in the world.Owing to collision between the Indian and Asian plates, and simultaneous subduction of the Pacific plate under Asia plate, the geomorphology in China mainland had involved from “east high, west low” to “west high, east low” during Cenozoic era.Consequently, the Eastern Asia monsoon was introduced and enhanced.The hydrological systems of the Yellow Rivers and the Yangtze Rivers were formed mostly due to the joint changes of regional terrains and the formation of the Eastern Asia monsoon.In the early Quaternary, there were fresh lakes sprinkled at the regions where the Yellow River would be and then it was gradually channelized with the disappearances of these lakes.Due to the problems of dating, provenance tracing and incomplete sedimentary records, the date of formation and channelization of the Yangtze River was highly controversial.The tectonic activities since middle Pleistocene induced an accelerating uplifting of mountains in the eastern margin of the Tibet Plateau and resulted in those mountains to be exposed to the cryosphere.Increasing runoff due to glacier melting was the hydrodynamic basis for the channelization of the two rivers.During the Last Interglacial period, fast warming up not only resulted in the rapid rise of runoff in rivers by glacier melting, but also promoted chemical corrosion of carbonate rocks in the Three Gorges.The chemical corrosion expedited the growth of underground streams and complement of the river-capture process in the Qutanxia Gorge.It is our understanding that the complete channelization and formation of the two rivers with the current hydrological patterns were finally finished during the Last Interglacial period.The formation of the Sanmengxia Gorge occurring at the age of the Sanmen lake's disappearance in the Yellow River was about 0.125 Ma, while the transformation of the Three Gorges from complex underground rivers to a surface river in the Qutang Gorge of the Yangtze River was finished during the period of 0.30-0.12 Ma.

参考文献/References:

[1] 潘保田,王均平,高红山,等.从三门峡黄河阶地的年代看黄河何时东流入海[J].自然科学进展,2005,5(6):700-705 [PAN Baotian, WANG Junping, GAO Hongshan, et al.From the age of the Yellow River terrace in Sanmenxia Gorge when the Yellow River eastward into the sea[J].Progress in Natural Science, 2005, 5(6):700-705]
[2] 王苏民,吴锡浩,张振克,等.三门古湖沉积记录的环境变迁与黄河贯通东流研究[J].中国科学,D辑,2001,31(9):760-768 [WANG Sunming, WU Xihao, ZHANG Zhengke, et al.Sedimentary records of environmental evolution in the Sanmen Lake Basin and the Yellow River running through the Sanmenxia Gorge eastward into the sea[J].Science China Earth Sciences, 2002, 45(7):595-608]
[3] WILLIS B, BLACKWELDER E, SARGENT R H, et al.Research in China.Washington: Press of Gibson Brothers, 1907, 278-339
[4] LEE J S.Geology of the gorge district of the Yangtze(from Ichang to Tzekuei)with special reference to the development of the gorges [J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 1924, 3(3-4):351-392
[5] LEE C Y.The development of the upper Yangtze valley[J].Bulletin of the Geological Society of China, 1993, 3(2):107-118.
[6] BARBOUR G B.Physiographic history of the Yangtze[J].Geographical Survey of China, Memoirs, 1935, 14:112
[7] 任美锷,包浩生,韩同春,等.云南西北部金沙江河谷地貌与河流袭夺问题[J].地理学报,1959,25(2):135-155 [REN Meie, BAO Haosheng, HAN Tongchun, et al.Geomorphology of the Jinsha River valley and its river capture in northwestern Yunnan[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 1959, 25(2):135-155]
[8] LI J J, XIE S, KUANG M.Geomorphic evolution of the Yangtze gorges and the time of their formation[J].Geomorphology, 2001, 41(2):125-135
[9] 沈王昌,杨逸畴.滇西金沙江袭夺问题的新探讨[J],地理学报,1963,29(2):87-107 [SHEN Wangchang, YANG Yichou.New research on the problem of river-capture of Ching-Sha-Chiang(the upper Yantze), western Yunnan Chinsha-Chian, China[J].Acta Geographica Sinica, 1963, 29(2):87-107]
[10] 杨达源.长江三峡的起源与演变[J].南京大学学报,1988,24(3):466-474 [YANG Dayuan.The origin and evolution of the Three gorges of the Changjiang(Yangtze)River[J].Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Science edition), 1988, 24(3):466-474]
[11] CLARK M K, et al.Surface uplift, tectonics, and erosion of eastern Tibet from large-scale drainage patterns [J].Tectonics, 2004, 23: TC1006
[12] ZHENG Hongbo, CLIFT P D, WAN Ping, et al.Pre-Miocene birth of the Yangtze River[J], PNAS, 2013, 110(19):7556-7561
[13] 郑洪波,王平,何梦颖,等.长江东流水系建立的时限及其构造地貌意义[J],第四纪研究,2013,33(4):621-630 [ZHENG Hongbo, WANG Ping, HE Mengying, et al.Timing of the establishment of the east-flowing Yangtze River and tectonic-geomorphic implications[J].Quaternary Sciences, 2013, 33(4):621-630]
[14] ZHANG Yufen, LI Changan, WANG Qiuliang, et al.Magnetism parameters characteristics of drilling deposits in Jianghan Plain and indication for forming of the Yangtze River Three Gorges[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, vol.53(4):584-590
[15] 陈静.长江河口区晚新生代沉积物中标志性物源分析及其河流贯通入海意义[D].上海:华东师范大学,2006.[CHEN Jing.Diagnostic sediment indicators in the Late Cenozoic sediments, the Yangtze River coast, China, a special reference to river channelization to the sea[D].Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2006]
[16] 范代读,王扬扬,吴伊婧.长江沉积物源示踪研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2012,27(5):515-528 [FAN Daidu, WANG Yangyang, WU Yijing.Advances in provenance studies of Yangtze Riverine sediments[J].Advances in Earth Science, 2012, 27(5):515-528]
[17] 潘桂棠,陆松年,肖庆辉,等.中国大地构造阶段划分和演化[J].地学前缘,2016,23(6):1-23 [PAN Guitang, LU Songnian, XIAO Qinghui, et al.Division of tectonic stages and tectonic evolution in China[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2016, 23(6):1-23]
[18] 刘东生.黄土与环境[M].北京:科学出版社,1985:1-412 [LIU Dongsheng.Loess and Environment[M].Beijing: Science Press, 1985:1-412]
[19] AN Zisheng, KUTZBACH J E, PRELL W L, et al.Evolution of Asian monsoons and phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau since Late Miocene times[J].Nature, 2001, 411:62-66
[20] 汪品先.亚洲形变与全球变冷一探索气候与构造的关系[J],第四纪研究,1998,18(3):213-221 [WANG Pingxian.Deformation of Asia and global cooling: searching links between climate and tectonics[J].Quaternary Sciences,1998, 18(3):213-221]
[21] 汪品先.新生代亚洲形变与海陆相互作用[J].地球科学,2005,30(1):1-18 [WANG Pingxian.Cenozoic deformation and history of sea-land interactions in Asia[J].Earth Science, 2005, 30(1):1-18]
[22] 施雅风.第四纪中期青藏高原冰冻圈的演化及其与全球变化的联系[J].冰川冻土,1998,20(3):197-208 [SHI Yafeng.Evolution of the cryosphere in the Tibetan Plateau, China, and its relationship with the global change in the Mid Quaternary[J], Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1998, 20(3):197-208]
[23] 李吉均,文世宣,张青松,等.青藏高原隆起的时代、幅度和形式的探讨[J].中国科学,1979,(6):78-86 [LI Jijun, WEN Shixuan, ZHANG Qingsong, et al.A discussion on the period, amplitude and type of the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau [J].Science China, 1979,(6):78-86]
[24] LI Jijun, FANG Xiaomin, SONG Chunhui, et al.Late Miocene–Quaternary rapid stepwise uplift of the NE Tibetan Plateau and its effects on climatic and environmental changes [J].Quaternary Research, 2014, 81(3):400-423
[25] 陈富斌,高生淮,陈继良,等.甘孜黄土剖面磁性地层初步研究[J].科学通报,1990,35(20): 1600 [CHEN Fubing, GAO Shenghuai, CHEN Jiliang, et al.Preliminary study on magnetic strata of Garz loess profile[J].Chinese Science Bulletin, 1990, 35(20):1600]
[26] 方小敏,陈富斌,施雅风,等.甘孜黄土与青藏高原冰冻圈演化[J].冰川冻土,1996,18(3):193-200 [FANG Xiaoming, CHEN Fubing, SHI Yafeng, et al.Garz loess and the evolution of the cryosphere on the Tibetan Plateau [J].Journal of Glaciolgy & Geocryology, 1996, 18(3):193-200]
[27] 张信宝,周杰.晚更新世以来黄渤海海侵与黄土高原地貌区域分异[J],中国沙漠,1996,16(4):411-416 [ ZHANG Xinbao, ZHOU Jie.Marine transgressions in the Huanghai Bohai sea basin and geomorphological evolution in the Loess Plateau since Late Pleistocene [J].Journal of Desert Research, 1996, 16(4):411-416]
[28] 戴英生.黄河的形成与发育简史[J],人民黄河,1983,(2):1-7 [ DAI Yingshneg.Brief history of formation and evolution of Yellow River[J].Journal of People's Yellow River, 1983,(2):1-7]
[29] 潘保田,王均平,高红山,等.河南扣马黄河最高级阶地古地磁年代及其对黄河贯通时代的指示[J],科学通报,2005,5(3):255-261 [PAN Baotian, WANG Junping, GAO Hongshan, et al.Paleomagnetic dating of the topmost terrace in Kouma, Henan and its indication to the Yellow River's running through Sanmen Gorges[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,5(3):255-261 ]
[30] 刘书丹,李广坤,李玉信,等.从河南东部平原第四纪沉积物特征探讨黄河的形成与演变[J],河南地质,1988,6(2):20-24 [LIU Shudan, LI Guangkun, LI Yuxin, et al.The formation and evolution of the Yellow River from Quaternary sediments in the eastern plain of Henan province[J].Henan Geological, 1988, 6(2):20-24]
[31] 徐则民,刘文连.昔格达组地层研究中需要注意的若干关键问题[J],地学前缘,2011,18(5):256-270 [XU Zeming, LIU Wenlian.Some problems in the study of the genesis of Xigeda Formation[J].Earth Science Frontiers, 2011, 8(5):256-270]
[32] 刘兴诗.四川盆地的第四纪[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1983, 33-35 [LIU Xingshi.Quaternary period of Sichuan basin[M].Chengdu: Sichuan Science and Technology Press, 1983, 33-35]
[33] 江华军,李长安,张玉芬,等.嘉陵江古河曲发育的古地理环境重建,中国地质,2013,40(2):460-468 [JIANG Huajun, LI Changan, ZHANG Yufen, et al.The reconstruction of paleogeographic environment for the development of the Jialing River's ancient meander[J].Geology in China, 2013,40(2):460-468]
[34] 柏道远,李送文,周柯军,等.1:25万常德市幅构造-沉积地貌类型划分及其对江汉-洞庭盆地第四纪地质与环境研究的启示[J].中国地质,2010,37(2):280-297 [BAI Daoyuan, LI Songwen, ZHOU Kejun, et al.Tectonic-sedimentary landform classification of 1:250000 Changde Sheet and its implication for researches on Quaternary geology and environment of Jianghan-Dongting basin[J].Geology in China, 2010, 37(2):280-297]
[35] 李庭,李长安,康春国,等.宜昌砾石层的沉积环境及地貌意义[J],中国地质,2010,37(2):438-445 [LI Ting, LI Changan, KANG Chunguo, et al.Sedimentary environment and geomorphological significance of the gravel bed in Yichang[J].Geology in China, 2010, 37(2):438-445]
[36] 奉节天坑地缝,百度百科.[ Fengjie tiankeng floor sewing, Baidu Encyclopedia] https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%A5%89%E8%8A%82%E5%A4%A9%E5%9D%91%E5%9C%B0%E7%BC%9D/3487479?fr=aladdin

相似文献/References:

[1]杨联康.黄河最早沉积层——下五泉砾石层的发现与完整的黄河发育历史剖面的认定[J].山地学报,2021,(6):767.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000637]
　YANG Liankang.Discovery of the Earliest Sedimentary Layer of the Yellow River—the Xiawuquan Gravel Layer and Identification of the CompleteHistorical Profile of the Yellow River Development[J].Mountain Research,2021,(05):767.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000637]

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2018-09-20; 改回日期(Accepted date):2018-10-18
基金项目(Foundation item):国家自然科学基金项目(41401009,41473055); 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所“一三五”方向性项目(SDS-135-1701)。[National Nature Science Foundation of China(41401009, 41473055); The 135 Strategic Program of the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment of CAS(SDS-135-1701)]
作者简介(Biography):张信宝(1946-),男,研究员,主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。[ZHANG Xinbao(1946-), male, professor, research on soil erosion, water and soil conservation.] E-mail: zxbao@imde.ac.cn.
*通讯作者(Corresponding author):1)张信宝; 2)刘维明(1982-),男,副研究员,主要研究方向:古山地灾害。[LIU weiming(1982-),male,associate professor, research on paleo-mountain hazard.] Liuwm@imde.ac.cn.
更新日期/Last Update: 2018-11-30