[1]李 杰,邓 伟*,张继飞,等.气候变化背景下西南山地资源型城市水安全问题与对策——以昆明东川为例[J].山地学报,2016,(06):772-779.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000185]
　LI Jie,DENG Wei,ZHANG Jifei,et al.Water Security Problems and Strategies under Climate Change in a Mountain Resource——Based on Dongchuan City, Kunming[J].Mountain Research,2016,(06):772-779.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000185]
点击复制

气候变化背景下西南山地资源型城市水安全问题与对策——以昆明东川为例()
分享到：

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2016年06期
页码:
772-779
栏目:
山区发展
出版日期:
2016-12-08

文章信息/Info

Title:
Water Security Problems and Strategies under Climate Change in a Mountain Resource——Based on Dongchuan City, Kunming
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2016)6-772-08
作者:
李 杰1; 2; 邓 伟1; 3*; 张继飞1; 李少娟2; 黄 茹2; 张扣强2
1.中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所,四川成都 610041;
2.云南财经大学城市与环境学院,云南昆明 650221;
3.中国科学院大学北京 100049
Author(s):
LI Jie1; 2;  DENG Wei1; 3;  ZHANG Jifei1;  LI Shaojuan2;  HUANG Ru2;  ZHANG Kouqiang2
1.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610041 Sichuan;
2.School of Urban and Environment, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics,Kunming 650221 Yunnan;
3.University ofChinese Academy Sciences
关键词:
水安全; 气候变化; 极端干旱; 山地资源型城市; 东川
Keywords:
Water security;  Climate change;  Mountain resource-based city;  Dongchuan
分类号:
X24
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000185
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
山地资源型城市地理条件复杂,近现代人类活动强烈,环境破坏严重,生态脆弱,易受气候变化影响下水资源配置与利用失衡而引发水安全问题。我国西南山区近几十年来受气候变暖影响极端干旱灾害频发,加之资源型城市地区长期存在水污染问题,区内居民水安全风险较大。本研究以昆明市东川区为例,分析其近年来社会经济发展与水资源量变化趋势;并对不同海拔梯度自然村进行农村饮水、灌溉用水问卷调查;对区内主要河流进行水质采样、以分析东川现存水安全问题并提出相应对策措施。结果显示,东川区近年来水资源量有减少趋势,农业发展增速缓慢;同时区内存在水量、水质两类水安全问题;干旱期,中、高山区以山泉作为主要水源、及雨水作为主要灌溉用水的自然村常存在用水量短缺问题;大部分河流均受到不同程度重金属污染,河流水资源难以利用;河谷区人畜饮水及灌溉用水受河流水质恶化影响较重。研究提出应对措施:对中高山等水源涵养区进行生态修复;严格控制重金属排放,恢复河流水质;以及加强小水利设施建设,提高水资源利用效率。东川是典型的西南山地资源型城市,其水安全问题有一定的代表性,本研究可为上述地区水土资源耦合调控提供一定借鉴。
Abstract:
Mountain resource-based cities, for its complicated geography condition, intense human activities and serious pollution, are vulnerable to the imbalance of water resources allocation and utilization under the climate change, which causes severe water security problems. Dongchuan district is a typical resource-based city in the Southwest Mountainous Region in China, which was double threatened by water quantity decrease and quality deterioration under the regional drought in recent years. In this study, the water in 13 rivers include main streams and tributaries in Dongchuan was sampled; and 63 questionnaires were investigated for the drinking water and irrigation difficulties of the Natural villages in different altitude, in order to analyze the existing water security problems and propose Strategies and solutions. The results showed that, most of the rivers in Dongchuan are polluted by heavy metals in several degrees, which means rivers are hard to utilize; those villages which use springs for their drinking water and rain for the irrigation in middle or high mountain area(altitude more than 1 600 m)would have higher risks of water shortages in drought period, and the natural village in the valley would strongly infected by the river pollution for their farmland irrigation largely depend on rivers. To solve the problems above, firstly, heavy metal emissions should be control strictly and the water quality in rivers should be recovered; secondly, the damaged vegetation, especially the forest, in the middle and high mountain area should be restored, which could provide stable water supply for the region; thirdly, the construction of small water conservancy facilities could be great improvement for the utilization efficiency of water resources. The status of water security in Dongchuan has universality in Mountain resource-based cities. The strategies provided in this study could give effective references for the prevention and control of water security problems in these areas.

参考文献/References:

[1] Quervain A D. Die Hebung der atmosphärischen lsothermenin der Schweizer Alpen und ihre Beziehung zu deren Höhengrenzen [J]. Gerlands Beitr. Geophys, 1904, 6: 481-533
[2] 韩芳, 张百平, 谭靖, 等. 山体基面高度对欧亚大陆东南部林线分布的影响: 山体效应定量研究[J]. 地理学报, 2010, 65(7): 781-788 [ Han Fang, Zhang Baiping, Tan Jing, et al. The effect of mountain base elevation on the altitude of timberline in the southeastern Eurasia: A study on the quantification of mass elevation effect [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010, 65(7): 781-788]
[3] Han Fang, Zhang Baiping, Yao Yonghui, et al. Mass Elevation Effect and Its Contribution to the Altitude of Snowlinein the Tibetan Plateau and Surrounding Areas [J]. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 2011, 43(2): 207-212
[4] Han Fang, Yao Yonghui, Dai Shibao, et al. Mass elevation effect and its forcing on timberline altitude [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2012, 22(4): 609-616
[5] 张百平, 谭靖, 姚永慧等. 山地垂直带信息图谱研究[M]. 中国环境科学出版社, 北京, 2009: [Zhang Baiping, Tan Jing, Yao Yonghui. Digital integration and patterns of mountain altitudinal belts [M]. China Environmental Science Press, Beijing, 2009: 211-218]
[6] Barry R G. Mountain Weather and Climate [M]. London and New York: Routledge, 1992: 57
[7] Barry R G. Mountain Weather and Climate [M]. Boulder, USA: University of Colorado, 2008: 65
[8] 姚永慧, 张百平, 韩芳. 基于Modis地表温度的横断山区气温估算及其时空规律分析[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(7): 917-927 [Yao Yonghui, Zhang Baiping, Han fang. Modis-based air temperature estimation in the Hengduan Mountains and its spatio-temporal analysis [J]. Acta Geograhica Sinica, 2011, 66(7): 917-927]
[9] Zhao Fang, Zhang Baiping, Pang Yu, Yao Yonghui. A study of the contribution of mass elevation effect to the altitudinal distribution of timberline in the northern hemisphere [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014, 24(2): 226-236
[10] 韩芳, 张百平, 谭靖等. 山体基面高度对青藏高原及其周边地区雪线空间分布的影响[J]. 地理研究, 2014, 33(1): 23-30 [ Han Fang, Zhang Baiping, Tan Jing, et al. The effect of mountain basal elevations in Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas [J]. Geographical Research, 2014, 33(1): 23-30]
[11] 张朔, 张百平, 姚永慧等. 山体效应对台湾常绿针叶林分布上限的影响[J]. 山地学报, 2013, 31(5): 534-541 [ Zhang Shuo, Zhang Baiping, Yao Yonghui, et al. The effect of Mass Elevation Effect on the distribution of evergreen broad-leaved forests of Taiwan [J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2013, 31(5): 534-541]
[12] 张朔, 姚永慧, 庞宇, 赵芳, 齐文文, 张百平. 山体基面高度的提取方法——以台湾岛为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2012, 14(5): 562-568 [Zhang Shuo, Yao Yonghui, Pang Yu, et al. Mountain basal elevation extraction in the Taiwan Island [J]. Journal of Geo Information Science, 2012, 14(5): 562-568]
[13] Zhao Fang, Zhang Baiping, Zhang Shuo, et al. Contribution of mass elevation effect to the altitudinal distribution of global treelines [J]. Journal of mountain sciences, 2015, 12(2): 289-297
[14] Yao Yonghui, Zhang Baiping. MODIS-based air temperature estimation in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau and neighboring areas [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2012, 22(1): 152-166
[15] 姚永慧, 张百平. 基于MODIS数据的青藏高原气温与增温效应估算[J]. 地理学报, 2013,68(1): 95-107 [Yao Yonghui, Zhang Baiping. MODIS-based estimation of air temperature and heating-up effect of the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(1): 95-107]
[16] Yao Yonghui, Zhang Baiping. MODIS-based estimation of air temperature of the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2013, 23(4):627-640
[17] Yao Yonghui, Zhang Baiping. The mass elevation effect of the Tibetan Plateau and its implications for alpine treelines [J]. International Journal of Climatology, 2014
[18] Vancutsem C, Ceccato P, Dinku T, et al. Evaluation of MODIS land surface temperature data to estimate air temperature in different ecosystems over Africa [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2009, 114: 449-465
[19] Mostovoy G V, King R L, Reddy K R, et al. Statistical estimation of daily maximum and minimum air temperatures from MODIS LST data over the state of Mississippi [J]. GIScience and Remote Sensing, 2006, 43(1): 78-110
[20] Vogt J, Viau A A, Paquet F. Mapping regional air temperature fields using satellite derived surface skin temperatures [J]. International Journal of Climatology, 1997, 17: 1559-1579
[21] Prihodko L, Goward S N. Estimation of air temperature from remotely sensed surface observations [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 1997, 60(3): 335-346
[22] Goetz S J, Prince S D, Small J. Advances in satellite remote sensing of environmental variables for epidemiological applications [J]. Advances in Parasitology, 2000, 47: 289-307
[23] Stisen S, Sandholt I, Norgaard A, et al. Estimation of diurnal air temperature using MSG SEVIRI data in West Africa [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2007, 110(2):262-274
[24] Flohn H. Large-scale aspects of the summer monsoon in south and East Asia [J]. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 1957, 35: 180-186
[25] Yeh T C, Luo S W, Chu P C. The wind structure and heat balance in the lower troposphere over Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding [J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 1957, 28: 108-121
[26] Flohn H. Hochgebirge und allgemeine Zirkulation. II. Gebirge als Wa¨rmequellen, Archiv fuer Meteorologie [J], Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, 1953, 5A: 265-279
[27] Vuille M D R, Hardy C, Braun F, et al. Atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with 1996/1997 summer precipitation events on Sajama ice cap, Bolivia [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1998, 103: 11191-11204
[28] Garreaud R. A multiscale analysis of the summer time precipitation over the central Andes [J]. Monthly Weather Review, 1999, 127: 901-921
[29] Holtmeier F K. Mountain timberlines: ecology, patchiness and dynamics [J].Advances in Global Change Research, 2003, 14: 369
[30] 谭靖, 张百平, 孙然好. 欧亚大陆山地垂直带谱数字集成框架[J]. 山地学报, 2008, 26(6):641-651 [Tan Jing, Zhang Baiping, Sun Ranhao. A framework for digitally integrating mountain altitudinal belt spectra in the Eurasian Continent [J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2008, 26(6):641-651]
[31] Shi Yafeng, Zheng Benxing, Li Shijie. Last glaciation and maximum glaciation in the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau: A controversy to M. Kuhle's ice sheet hypothesis [J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 1992, 2(4): 293-311
[32] Troll C. The three-dimensional zonation of the Himalayan system [G]//Troll C. Geoecology of the High Mountain Regions of Eurasia. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag Gmbh. 1972: 264-275
[33] 谢应钦, 曾群柱. 青藏高原多年冻土发育的气候条件[G]//中国科学院兰州冰川冻土研究所.第二届全国冻土学术会议论文选集. 1983: 13-20 [Xie Yingqin, Zeng Qunzhu. The climate conditions of permafrost development in Tibetan Plateau [G]// Institute of Glaciology and Cryopedology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The 2nd national permafrost academic conference proceedings. Lanzhou, 1983: 13-20]
[34] 李巧媛, 谢自楚. 高原区气温直减率的分布及其特点分析[J]. 石河子大学学报, 2006, 24(6): 719-723 [Li Qiaoyuan, Xie Zichu. Analyses on the characteristics of the vertical lapse rates of temperature—Taking Tibetan Plateau and its adjacent area as an example [J]. Journal of Shihezi University, 2006, 24(6): 719-723]
[35] 翁笃鸣, 孙治安. 我国山地气温直减率的初步研究[J]. 地理研究, 1984, 3(2): 24-34 [Weng Duming, Sun Zhian. A preliminary study of the lapse-rate of surface air temperature over mountainous regions of China [J]. Geography Research, 1984, 3(2): 24-34]
[36] 齐文文, 张百平, 庞宇等. 基于TRMM数据的青藏高原降水的空间和季节分布特征[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 08: 1-7 [Qi Wenwen, Zhang Baiping, Pang Yu, et al. TRMM-Data-Based spatial and seasonal patterns of precipitation in the Tibetan Plateau [J]. Scientla Geographica Sinca, 2013, 08: 1-7]
[37] 郑度. 青藏高原对中国西部自然环境地域分异的效应[J], 第四纪研究, 2001, 21(6): 484-489 [Zheng Du. Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its effect on regional differentiation of physical environments in West China [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2001, 21(6): 484-489]
[38] 张百平, 姚永慧. 山体效应研究[M]. 北京:中国环境(科学)出版社, 2015 [Zhang Baiping, Yao Yonghui. Mass Elevation Effect Research [M]. Beijing: China Environment(Scientific)Press, 2015:105-125]
[39] 吴锡浩. 青藏高原东南部现代雪线和林线及其关系的初步研究[J]. 冰川冻土, 1989, 11(2): 113-124 [Wu Xihao. A preliminary study on existing snowline timber line and their relations in southeastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 1989, 11(2):113-124]
[40] 韩芳. 山体效应对山地垂直带分布的影响研究[D]. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所博士学位论文, 2011. [Han Fang. A study of the forcing of Mass Elevation Effect on the pattern of mountain altitudinal belts [D]. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2011.]

相似文献/References:

[1]马华,王云琦,王力,等.近20a广西石漠化区植被覆盖度与气候变化和农村经济发展的耦合关系[J].山地学报,2014,(01):38.
　MA Hua,WANG Yunqi,WANG Li,et al.Vegetation Cover and Climate Change and Rural Economic Development in Relations during Last 20 Years in Karst Region of Guangxi，China[J].Mountain Research,2014,(06):38.
[2]刘军会,高吉喜,王文杰,等.青藏高原植被覆盖变化及其与气候变化的关系[J].山地学报,2013,(02):234.
　LIU Junhui,GAO Jixi,WANG Wenjie().Variations of Vegetation Coverage and Its Relations to Global Climate Changes on the Tibetan Plateau during 1981—2005[J].Mountain Research,2013,(06):234.
[3]刘伟龙,赵 慧,王小丹,等.气候变化下西藏高寒湿地生态系统研究的意义和特点[J].山地学报,2014,(04):481.
　LIU Weilong,ZHAO Hui,WANG Xiaodan,et al.Review and Evaluation of the Effect of the Climate Change on the High Altitude Wetland Ecosystem in Tibet Plateau[J].Mountain Research,2014,(06):481.
[4]姜永见,李世杰,沈德福,等.青藏高原江河源区近40年来气候变化特征及其对区域环境的影响[J].山地学报,2012,(04):461.
　JIANG Yongjian,LI Shijie,SHEN Defu,et al.Climate Change and Its Impact on the Regional Environment in the Source Regions of the Yangtze, Yellow and Lantsang Rivers in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau during 1971—2008[J].Mountain Research,2012,(06):461.
[5]蓝永超,胡兴林,丁宏伟,等.气候变暖背景下祁连山西部山区水循环要素的变化——以疏勒河干流上游山区为例[J].山地学报,2012,(06):675.
　LAN Yongchao,HU Xinglin,DIN Hongwei,et al.Variation of Water Cycle Factors in the Western Qilian Mountain Area under Climate Warming——Taking the Mountain Watershed of the Main Stream of Shule River Basin for Example[J].Mountain Research,2012,(06):675.
[6]陈剑,崔之久,戴福初,等.金沙江奔子栏-达日河段大型泥石流堆积扇的成因机制[J].山地学报,2011,(03):312.
　CHEN Jian,CUI Zhijiu,Dai Fuchu,et al.Genetic Mechanism of the Major Debrisflow Deposits at BenzilanDari Segment, the Upper Jinsha River[J].Mountain Research,2011,(06):312.
[7]王晓东,刘惠清.长白山突变型林线岳桦对气候变化的响应[J].山地学报,2011,(05):551.
　WANG Xiaodong,LIU Huiqing.Climatic Response of Betula ermanii from Closed Treeline in Changbai Mountains[J].Mountain Research,2011,(06):551.
[8]熊尚发,刘东生,丁仲礼.南方红土的剖面风化特征[J].山地学报,2000,(01):7.
[9]刘文杰.西双版纳近40年气候变化对自然植被净第一性生产力的影响[J].山地学报,2000,(04):296.
[10]闫淑君,洪伟,吴承祯,等.福建近41年气候变化对自然植被净第一性生产力的影响[J].山地学报,2001,(06):522.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
基金项目(Foundation item):国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2015CB452706)[National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China(973 Program)(2015CB452706)]
作者简介(Biography):李杰(1984-),男,河北保定人,讲师,博士,主要研究领域为自然地理学 [Li Jie(1984- ), male,born in Hebei,Ph.D, andmainly study Physical Geography] E-mail: jli_1984@hotmail.com
*通信作者(Corresponding author):邓伟(1957-),男,辽宁沈阳人,研究员,博士,主要从事山区资源环境与国土空间管理研究 [Deng Wei(1957-), male, born in Liaoning, Professor,Ph.D, mainly study mountain resource, environment and land space management] E-mail: dengwei@imde.ac.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2016-11-30