[1]赵万玉,陈晓清*,刘建康,等.冰川终碛湖溃决-再生特征与机理[J].山地学报,2015,(06):703-712.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000085]
　ZHAO Wanyu,CHEN Xiaoqing,LIU Jiankang,et al.Outburst-Regeneration Characteristic and Mechanism of Glacier Lake[J].Mountain Research,2015,(06):703-712.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000085]
点击复制

冰川终碛湖溃决-再生特征与机理()
分享到：

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2015年06期
页码:
703-712
栏目:
山地灾害
出版日期:
2015-12-01

文章信息/Info

Title:
Outburst-Regeneration Characteristic and Mechanism of Glacier Lake
作者:
赵万玉1; 陈晓清1*; 刘建康2; 苏凤环1
1. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所/中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室, 四川 成都 610041; 2. 中国地质调查局地质灾害防治技术中心/中国地质科学院探矿工艺研究所, 四川 成都 611734
Author(s):
ZHAO Wanyu1;  CHEN Xiaoqing1;  LIU Jiankang2;  SU Fenghuan1
1. Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, CAS, Chengdu 610041, China; 2. Technical Center for Geological Hazard Prevention and Control, CGS / Institute of Exploration Technology, CAGS, Chengdu, 611734, China
关键词:
冰川终碛湖;  光谢错;  次仁玛错;  溃决-再生;  西藏
Keywords:
Glacier lake;  Guangxiecuo glacier lake;  Cirenmacuo glacier lake;  outburst-regeneration;  Tibet
分类号:
P931.4
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000085
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
冰川终碛湖溃决引发的大规模山洪泥石流灾害,常给下游沿河一带造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失,受到社会广泛关注。冰川终碛湖一次溃决常未到底,其部分溃决后,残留湖因源头冰川进退、冰舌持续消融致后期湖面面积增大,湖水量增加,作者将这种现象定义为冰川终碛湖溃决-再生现象。以西藏波密米堆沟光谢错和聂拉木章藏布次仁玛错冰湖为研究对象,基于前人研究成果,利用遥感解译方法,分析了光谢错和次仁玛错冰湖面积的变化和冰川末端进退变化的特征。研究表明:光谢错、次仁玛错呈现出冰湖面积增大→溃决缩小→面积再增大的过程,光谢错在1988年溃决后面积已恢复至溃决前的63.6%,次仁玛错在1981年溃决后面积已基本恢复至溃决前的大小; 从1980年代末至现在,贡扎冰川、阿玛次仁冰川末端处于退缩状态,终碛湖面积呈扩张状态。结合波密、聂拉木两气象站多年年降水量和年平均气温观测资料进行同步对比分析,初步探讨了冰川终碛湖再生现象的机理:1.冰川末端的前进与后退是冰湖面积变化的主导者,冰舌前进推动湖盆底冰碛物和溃口两侧岸坡垮塌导致堵塞泄流通道,冰川末端的退缩提供了空间条件; 2.持续高温与强降雨的耦合作用是冰湖溃决的直接激发条件,持续高温累积是冰川消融冰湖面积增大的主要因素。
Abstract:
Large-scale mudslides disaster causing by outburst of glacier lakes has attracted broad attention for causing heavy casualties and property losses frequently to the downstream. Many glacier lakes show a phenomenon of larger area and increasing reservoir water after outburst, which was known as glacier lake outburst-regeneration phenomenon. Two typical glacier lakes: the Guangxiecuo Lake in Midui Gully and the Cirenmacuo Lake in Zhangzangbu,Tibet Autonomous Region of China are taken for the study. Characteristics of glacial lake area variation and glacier retreat and advance were analyzed basing on remote sensing interpretation method. Studies have shown that: the two lakes show a process of glacial lake area increase→ area reduction after outburst → area increase again. Area of the Guangxiecuo Lake has been restored to 63.6% since it outburst in 1988, and area of the Cirenmacuo Lake has been restored to the size before outburst in 1981. The Gongzha glacier and the Armagh Tsering glacier have been in a state of retreat from the late 1980s and early 1990s to the present, and glacier lake area show a expansion state at the same time. Combining with years of annual precipitation and annual mean temperature data from Bomi station and Nyalam station, the glacier lake outburst-regeneration mechanism was discussed: 1)The advance and retreat of the end of glaciers is a major influencer to glacial lake regeneration, because glacier advance pushing moraine and loose matter on both sides of the breach collapse cause discharge channel blocked, and glacier retreat provides space conditions. 2)The coupling effect of high temperature and heavy rainfall becomes a direct excitation condition for glacial lake outburst, and the temperature rise is a major factor leading to glacial lake area increase.

参考文献/References:

[1] Wang Shijin, Qin Dahe, Ren Jiawen. Progress and prospect in risk assessment of hazards from glacier lake outbursts [J]. Advances in water science, 2012, 23(5): 735-742 [王世金,秦大河,任贾文.冰湖溃决灾害风险研究进展及其展望[J].水科学进展, 2012, 23(5): 735-742]
[2] Zheng Du,Lin Zhenyao,Zhang Xueqin.Progress in studies of Tibetan plateau and global environmental change[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(1): 95-102[郑度,林振耀,张雪芹.青藏高原与全球环境变化研究进展[J].地学前缘,2002,9(1):95-102]
[3] Sun Honglie, Zheng Du. Evolution and development of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [M]. Guangzhou: Technology Press of Guangdong, 1998: 158-159 [孙鸿烈,郑度.青藏高原形成演化与发展[M].广州:广东科技出版社, 1998: 158-159]
[4] Yao Xiaojun, Liu Shiyin, Sun Meiping, et al. Study on the glacial lake outburst flood events in Tibet since the 20th century [J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2014, 29(8): 1377-1390 [姚晓军,刘时银,孙美平,等.20世纪以来西藏冰湖溃决灾害事件梳理[J].自然资源学报, 2014, 29(8): 1377-1390]
[5] Chen Xiaoqing, Cui peng, Yang Zhong, et al. Risk assessment of glacier lake outburst in the Poiqu River Basin of Tibet Autonomous Region[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(4): 509-516[陈晓清,崔鹏,杨忠,等.喜马拉雅山中段波曲流域近期冰湖溃决危险性分析与评估[J].冰川冻土, 2007, 29(4): 509-516]
[6] Liu Jinfeng, Cheng Zunlan, Chen Xiaoqing. The hazard assessment of glacier-lake outburst in Palongzangbu River from Ranwu to Peilong [J]. Mountain Research, 2012, 30(3): 369-377 [柳金峰,程尊兰,陈晓清.帕隆藏布流域然乌-培龙段冰湖溃决危险性评估[J].山地学报,2012,30(3):369-377]
[7] Liu Jiankang, Cheng Zunlan, Guo Fenfen, et al. Analysis on Risk of Glacier-lake Outburst in Southeastern Tibet [J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2011, 26(2):45-49 [刘建康,程尊兰,郭芬芬,等.藏东南典型冰湖溃决危险性分析[J].灾害学,2011,26(2):45-49]
[8] Liu Jingjing, Tang Chuan, Cheng Zunlan, et al. Impact of temperature on glacier-lake outbursts in Tibet [J]. Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition, 2011, 41(4):1121-1129[刘晶晶,唐川,程尊兰,等.气温对西藏冰湖溃决事件的影响[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2011,41(4):1121-1129]
[9] Liu Jingjing, Cheng Zunlan, Li Yong, et al. Characteristics of glacier-lake breaks in Tibet [J].Journal of Catastrophology, 2008, 23(1):55-60 [刘晶晶,程尊兰,李泳,等.西藏冰湖溃决主要特征[J].灾害学, 2008, 23(1):55-60]
[10] Liu Jingjing, Cheng Zunlan, Li Yong, et al. A study of the outburst form of the end-moraine lake in Tibet [J]. Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geosciences(Beijing); Peking University), 2009, 16(4): 372-380 [刘晶晶,程尊兰,李泳,等.西藏终碛湖溃决形式研究[J]. 地学前缘(中国地质大学(北京); 北京大学), 2009, 16(4): 372-380]
[11] Huang Jinhui, Liu jiankang, Cheng Zunlan, et al. An experiment of the effects of waves on glacier lake outburst induced by waves overtopping [J]. Mountain Research, 2014, 32(2):241-248 [黄金辉,刘建康,程尊兰,等.涌浪规模对冰碛湖溃决的影响实验[J].山地学报, 2014, 32(2):241-248]
[12] Cui Peng, Ma Dongtao, Chen Ningsheng, et al. The initiation, motion and mitigation of debris flow caused by glacial lake outburst [J]. Quaternary Sciences, 2003, 23(6):621-628[ 崔鹏,马东涛,陈宁生,等.冰湖溃决泥石流的形成、演化与减灾对策[J].第四纪地质,2003,23(6):621-628]
[13] Cheng Zunlan, Zhu Pingyi, Gong Yiwen. Typical debris flow triggered by ice-lake break [J]. Mountain Research, 2003, 21(6): 716-720 [程尊兰,朱平一,宫怡文.典型冰湖溃决型泥石流形成机制分析[J].山地学报, 2003, 21(6): 716-720]
[14] X Q Chen, P Cui, N S Chen, et al. Calculation of discharge of debris flows caused by moraine-dam failure at midui gully, tibet, China [J].Iranian Journal of Science & Technology, Transaction B, Engineering, 2007, 31(B2):195-207
[15] Wang Xin, Liu Shiyin, Mo Hongwei, et al. Expansion of glacier lakes and its implication for climate changes in the Chinese Himalaya [J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2011, 66(7):895-904 [王欣,刘时银,莫宏伟,等.我国喜马拉雅山区冰湖扩张特征及其气候意义[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(7):895-904]
[16] Sun Meiping, Liu Shiyin, Yao Xiaojun, et al. The cause and potential hazard of glacial lake outburst flood occurred on July 5, 2013 in Jiali County, Tibet [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2014, 36(1): 158-165 [孙美平,刘时银,姚晓军,等. 2013年西藏嘉黎县“7.5”冰湖溃决洪水成因及潜在危害[J].冰川冻土, 2014, 36(1): 158-165]
[17] Xin Xiaodong, Yao Tandong, Ye Qinghua, et al. Study of the fluctuations of glaciers and lakes around the Ranwu Lake of Southeast Tibetan Plateau using Remote Sensing [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2009, 31(1):19-26 [辛晓冬,姚檀栋,叶庆华,等. 1980—2005年藏东南然乌湖流域冰川湖泊变化研究[J].冰川冻土, 2014, 36(1): 158-165]
[18] Li Deji, You Yong. Discussion about Midui Gully glacier lake [J]. Mountain Research, 1992, 10(4): 219-224[李德基,游勇.西藏波密米堆沟冰湖溃决浅议[J].山地研究(现山地学报), 1992, 10(4): 219-224]
[19] Yang Ruimin, Zhu Liping, Wang Yongjie, et al. Study on the variations of lake area & volume and their effect on the occurrence of outburst of MUDUI Glacier Lake in Southeastern Tibet [J]. Progress in Geography, 2012, 31(9): 1133-1140 [杨瑞敏,朱立平,王永杰,等.西藏东南部米堆冰湖面积和水量变化及其对溃决灾害发生的影响[J].地理科学进展, 2012, 31(9): 1133-1140]
[20] Li Zhen, Chen Ningsheng, Zhang Jianping, et al. Characteristics of the disaster chain of outburst and glacier lakes in the Boiqu River basin [J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2014, 41(4): 143-152 [李震,陈宁生,张建平,等.波曲流域冰湖及其溃决灾害链特征分析[J].水文地质工程地质, 2014, 41(4): 143-152]
[21] Chengdu Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment. Debris flow and environment in Tibet [M]. Chengdu: Chengdu Science & Technology University Press, 1999: 69-78 [中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 西藏泥石流与环境[M].成都:成都科技大学出版社, 1999, 69-78]
[22] Chen Xiaoqing,Cui Peng,Yang Zhong,et al.Change in glacier lakes in Boiqu River Basin, Middle Himalayas during Last 15 Years[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2005,27(6):793-800[陈晓清,崔鹏,杨忠,等.近15 a喜马拉雅山中段波曲流域冰川和冰湖变化[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(6):793-800]
[23] Cheng Zunlan, Zhu Pingyi, Dang Chao, et al. Hazards of debris flow due to glacier-lake outburst in Southeastern Tibet [J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2008, 30(6): 954-959 [程尊兰,朱平一,党超,等.藏东南冰湖溃决泥石流灾害及其发展趋势[J].冰川冻土, 2008, 30(6): 954-959]

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2014-11-28; 改回日期(Accepted): 2015-03-05。 基金项目(Foundation item):中国交通建设股份有限公司科技研发项目“堰塞湖风险评估与减灾关键技术研究”、水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目“藏东南水灾害危险性评估及减灾对策研究”(201301037)和国家国际科技合作专项项目“中巴喀喇昆仑公路地质灾害综合减灾与环境保护合作研究“(2012DFA20980)资助。[This research is supported by the risk evaluation and mitigation technology of barrier lake project of China Communications Construction Company Ltd.,Non-profit Industry Financial Program of MWR(201301037)and the Special Program for International S & T Cooperation projects of China(2012DFA20980).] 作者简介(Biography):赵万玉(1986-),男,青海西宁人,硕士。主要从事山地灾害减灾技术研究。[Zhao Wanyu(1986-), male, born in Xining, Qinghai, Master, majoring in the research on mountain hazard mitigation technology.] E-mail: wanyu860426@163.com *通信作者(Corresponding author):陈晓清(1974-),男,四川遂宁人,博士,研究员。主要从事山地灾害防治理论研究与技术研发。[Chen Xiaoqing(1974-), male, born in Suining, Sichuan, Ph.D, Professor, majoring in the research on mountain hazard mitigation theory and technology.] E-mail: xqchen@imde.ac.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 1900-01-01