[1]唐 易,戴特奇*,丁田田,等.青藏高原民用机场可达性评价及布局优化[J].山地学报,2026,(1):146-154.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000953]
　TANG Yi,DAI Teqi*,DING Tiantian,et al.Accessibility Evaluation and Layout Optimization of Civil Airports on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China[J].Mountain Research,2026,(1):146-154.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000953]
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青藏高原民用机场可达性评价及布局优化()

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2026年第1期
页码:
146-154
栏目:
山区发展
出版日期:
2026-02-20

文章信息/Info

Title:
Accessibility Evaluation and Layout Optimization of Civil Airports on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2026)1-146-9
作者:
唐 易1; 戴特奇1*; 丁田田2; 朱润泽3; 郭凯菲1
(1. 北京师范大学 地理科学学部,北京100875; 2. 重庆市巴蜀中学,重庆 400010; 3. 中国民用航空西藏自治区管理局,拉萨850050)
Author(s):
TANG Yi1;  DAI Teqi1*;  DING Tiantian2;  ZHU Runze3;  GUO Kaifei1
(1. Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; 2. Bashu Secondary School, Chongqing 400010, China; 3. Xizang Autonomous Regional Administration of CAAC, Lhasa 850050, China)
关键词:
民用机场;  可达性;  LSCP模型;  布局优化;  青藏高原
Keywords:
civil airport;  accessibility;  LSCP model;  layout optimization;  the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
分类号:
U116.2
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000953
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
民用机场高效可达是交通强国战略的核心要求。青藏高原民航运输战略价值日益凸显,但机场可达性本底不清、布局优化方法适配性不足。既有民用机场可达性评价根植于东部平原人口密集区,无法适配高海拔、生态脆弱约束下的可持续发展布局。本研究以青藏高原19座民用机场为对象,耦合“成本-距离”可达性测度与位置集覆盖问题(location set covering problem,LSCP)模型,测度1.5、 3及5 h阈值下不同海拔梯度的机场可达性覆盖格局,并构建生态-海拔双重约束的布局优化方案。研究发现,(1)青藏高原民用机场可达性存在“低海拔倒挂”的反常格局,3000 m以下区县3～5 h机场可达率显著低于3000～4000 m海拔带,且全国民用机场规划实施后该倒挂现象依然存续。(2)无约束条件下实现1.5 h全区县覆盖需新增96座机场,但逾20%的备选点位于4000 m以上或生态极脆弱区,凸显刚性约束的紧迫性。(3)生态-海拔约束的布局优化方案将机场对4000 m以下区县3 h覆盖率提升至90%以上,并实现4500 m以下区县5 h全覆盖。研究结论为青藏高原机场群布局优化提供了可操作的规划方案,对全球同类高原地区交通设施配置具有范式参考意义。
Abstract:
Efficient airport accessibility is a cornerstone of China's strategy for building a strong transportation nation. On the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, aviation constitutes a strategic lifeline instead of land transportation owing to local extreme elevation and fragile ecosystems, yet systematic knowledge of airport accessibility and location optimization remains limited. Previous research on airport accessibility, rooted in evaluation paradigms from densely populated eastern plains, was poorly adapted to high-altitude, environmentally sensitive western regions.
The study took 19 civil airports on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau as cases. It integrated a cost-distance accessibility measure with the Location Set Covering Problem(LSCP)model to quantify airport accessibility coverage patterns at 1.5 h, 3 h and 5 h thresholds across elevation zones, and to generate multi-scenario layout plans constrained by both ecological sensitivity and elevation suitability.
The study found:(1)on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau there exists an anomalous pattern of poor accessibility in the low-altitude zone, with counties at elevation below 3000 meters having significantly lower airport accessibility rates within 3-5 hours compared to those in the 3000-4000 meters altitude band, and this irregular phenomenon has persisted even after the implementation of the National Layout Plan for Civil Transport Airports of China.
(2)To achieve the 1.5-hour coverage for all counties in the region without constraints, 96 additional airports would be needed for construction, but over 40% of the candidate sites have to be located in alpine areas at elevations exceeding 4000 m or within areas characterized by severe or extreme ecological fragility, highlighting the urgency of rigid constraints.
(3)Another optimization plan incorporating ecological-altitude constraints could elevate the 3-hour coverage rate for counties below 4000 meters to over 90%, and achieve full 5-hour coverage for those below 4500 meters.
The proposed constraint-aware optimization framework offers an operational roadmap for airport system planning on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and provides a transferable paradigm for transport-infrastructure deployment in analogous high-mountain regions worldwide.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date): 2025- 03-21; 改回日期(Accepted date): 2025-12-18
基金项目(Foundation item): 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目(2019QZKK040603)。[The Second Comprehensive Scientific Investigation and Research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(2019QZKK040603)]
作者简介(Biography): 唐易(2000-), 男, 甘肃景泰人, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向: 城市与区域发展。[TANG Yi(2000-), male, born in Jingtai, Gansu Province, M.Sc. candidate, research on urban and regional development] E-mail:202321051058@mail.bnu.edu.cn
*通讯作者(Corresponding author): 戴特奇(1980-), 男, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向: 交通地理与区域发展。 [DAI Teqi(1980-), male, Ph.D., associate professor, research on transportation geography and regional development] E-mail:daiteqi@bnu.edu.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2026-01-30