[1]胡卸文,周永豪,何 坤,等.不同岩性区火后泥石流成灾机理[J].山地学报,2024,(4):535-545.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000843]
　HU Xiewen,ZHOU Yonghao,HE Kun,et al.Post-fire Debris Flow Mechanisms in Different Lithological Zones[J].Mountain Research,2024,(4):535-545.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000843]
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不同岩性区火后泥石流成灾机理
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《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2024年第4期
页码:
535-545
栏目:
山地灾害
出版日期:
2024-07-25

文章信息/Info

Title:
Post-fire Debris Flow Mechanisms in Different Lithological Zones
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2024)4-535-11
作者:
胡卸文1; 2; 周永豪1; 何 坤1; 2; 曹希超1; 胡亚运3
(1.西南交通大学 地球科学与工程学院,成都 611756; 2.四川省环青藏高原交通廊道地质灾害生态化防治工程技术研究中心,成都 611756; 3.浙江省工程勘察设计院集团有限公司,浙江 宁波 315012)
Author(s):
HU Xiewen1; 2;  ZHOU Yonghao1;  HE Kun1; 2;  CAO Xichao1;  HU Yayun3
(1. Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; 2. Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Ecological Mitigation of Geohazards in Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridors, Chengdu 611756, China; 3. Zhejiang Engineering Survey and Design Institute Group Co., LTD., Ningbo, Zhejiang 315012, China)
关键词:
火后泥石流;  地层岩性;  岩土组合;  火烧迹地;  成灾机制
Keywords:
post-fire debris flow;  bedrock type;  rock-soil combination;  burned area;  disaster mechanism
分类号:
P642.23
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000843
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
森林火灾后留下的火烧迹地,在降雨条件下多发火后泥石流。林火燃烧破坏植被、改变土壤结构和土壤物理性质,使得火烧迹地的土壤层容重、孔隙率和渗透性等发生显著变化,造成火后泥石流成灾机制与普通泥石流有显著不同。此外,不同地层岩性区域(以灰色千枚岩、浅色花岗岩、红层泥岩为代表)的火烧迹地在火后泥石流的启动模式、灾害演变过程、动力学特性以及泥石流的规模上均表现出较大差异。本文对不同岩性区域的火后泥石流沟道开展野外调查和采样分析,探讨火烧迹地母岩、坡表风化坡残积土、植物根系以及不同影响深度对土壤物理力学性质和渗透特性的影响,揭示不同岩性区域火后泥石流的成灾机理和规模差异的原因。研究发现:(1)火后泥石流呈现出高重度、大粘度的流体特征。(2)不同岩性区火后泥石流启动模式、成灾过程、动力学特性和冲出规模均表现出差异。不同岩性区域的首次火后泥石流物源补给主要来源于坡面灰烬泥沙; 在后续补给过程中,变质岩区域主要表现为沟道下切和侧蚀滑坡补给; 火成岩区域主要为沟道下切揭底侵蚀补给; 而沉积岩区域则以沟道物源的铲刮裹挟和渐进夹带为特征。本研究可为中国山区火后泥石流防治提供科学依据。
Abstract:
Post-fire debris flows are common in areas after wildfires under rainfall conditions. Wildfires destroy vegetation, alter soil structure, and change soil physical properties, leading to significant changes in soil bulk density, porosity, and permeability in the burned areas. These changes result in a distinct mechanism of debris flow formation compared to ordinary debris flows. Moreover, burned areas in different rock formation regions(represented by gray phyllite, light-colored granite, and red mudstone)exhibit considerable differences in the initiation mode, disaster evolution process, dynamic characteristics, and scale of post-fire debris flows.
In this study, it conducted field investigations and sampling analyses at debris flow channels in different rock formation areas to explore the physical and mechanical properties, as well as the permeability of the parent rock in the burned areas, weathered colluvial soil on slope surface, plant roots, and at different depths of influence. This study revealed the mechanism and the reasons for the scale differences of post-fire debris flows in different rock formation areas.
(1)Post-fire debris flows exhibited characteristics of high density and large viscosity fluids.
(2)There were differences in the initiation modes, disaster processes, dynamic characteristics, and runout scales of post-fire debris flows in different lithological regions. The primary source of material replenishment for the first surge of post-fire debris flow in different lithological regions mainly comed from ash and sediment on slope surfaces; during subsequent replenishment processes, metamorphic rock regions were characterized by channel undercutting and lateral erosion-induced landslides; igneous rock regions were primarily supplied by channel undercutting and bedrock erosion; and sedimentary rock regions were characterized by scraping and gradual entrainment of channel-derived materials.
This research provides a scientific basis for prevention and control of post-fire debris flows in mountainous areas of China.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date): 2024- 03- 05; 改回日期(Accepted data):2024- 08-12
基金项目(Foundation item): 国家自然科学基金(42377170); [National Natural Science Foundation of China(42377170)]
作者简介(Biography): 胡卸文(1963-),男,浙江金华人,博士,教授,主要研究方向:工程地质、环境地质。[HU Xiewen(1963-), male, born in Jinhua, Zhejiang province, Ph.D., professor, research on engineering geology and environmental geology] E-mail:huxiewen@163.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2024-07-30