[1]麦积山,郑江坤*,赵廷宁,等.北川震后滑坡体表层土壤颗粒组成及团聚体空间变化特征[J].山地学报,2019,(01):30-40.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000396]
 MAI Jishan,ZHENG Jiangkun*,ZHAO Tingning,et al.Spatial Variability of Post-shock Surface Soil Aggregates and Particle Composition in the Landslide Area of Beichuan County, South-western China[J].Mountain Research,2019,(01):30-40.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000396]
点击复制

北川震后滑坡体表层土壤颗粒组成及团聚体空间变化特征()
分享到:

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2019年01期
页码:
30-40
栏目:
山地环境
出版日期:
2019-03-10

文章信息/Info

Title:
Spatial Variability of Post-shock Surface Soil Aggregates and Particle Composition in the Landslide Area of Beichuan County, South-western China
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2019)1-030-11
作者:
麦积山12郑江坤1*赵廷宁3史常青3王文武1
1. 四川农业大学林学院 四川省高校水土保持与荒漠化防治重点实验室, 成都 611130; 2. 四川蜀禹水利水电工程设计有限公司,成都 610072; 3. 北京林业大学 水土保持学院,北京 100086
Author(s):
MAI Jishan12 ZHENG Jiangkun1* ZHAO Tingning3 SHI Changqing3 WANG Wenwu1
1. Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation&Desertification Combating of Sichuan Provincial Colleges and Universities, College of Forestry, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; 2. Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Design Co., Ltd. of Shuyu in Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072, China; 3. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100086, China
关键词:
“5.12”汶川地震 滑坡体 土壤团聚体 土壤颗粒组成 空间分布
Keywords:
Wenchuan earthquake landslide soil aggregates soil particle composition spatial variability.
分类号:
S 153.6
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000396
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
滑坡作为西南地区常见的地质灾害,对坡面土壤结构和植被扰动极大。本文以北川擂鼓镇凤凰山震后滑坡体表层土壤为研究对象,选取滑坡区(Ⅰ)、过渡区(Ⅱ)和未破坏区(Ⅲ)3个样地,结合网格取样和室内分析,运用地统计学和经典统计学方法对其颗粒组成和土壤团聚体特征进行分析。结果表明:(1)3样地的土壤颗粒组成均以砂粒为主,显著大于黏粒和粉粒。土壤颗粒组成分形维数与砂粒含量呈极显著性负相关,与黏粒和粉粒含量均呈极显著性正相关。(2)Ⅰ样地中>5 mm的风干性团聚体含量最低,Ⅲ最高。3样地的土壤水稳性团聚体均以>2 mm的粒径为主,总体上呈现出团聚体数量随粒径的减小而减小的趋势。风干和水稳性土壤团聚体的平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)值均表现为Ⅰ样地<Ⅱ样地<Ⅲ样地,风干性团聚体分形维数表现为Ⅰ样地≈Ⅱ样地>Ⅲ样地,水稳性团聚体分形维数表现为Ⅰ样地>Ⅱ样地>Ⅲ样地。(3)风干和水稳性团聚体稳定性参数和土壤颗粒组成的半方差函数理论模型拟合程度均较好。 除水稳性土壤团聚体MWD表现为中等强度空间自相关外,其他团聚体稳定性参数均表现为强烈空间自相关性; 黏粒表现为中等空间自相关性,粉粒和砂粒表现为强烈的空间自相关。(4)风干和水稳性土壤团聚体MWD和GMD值从Ⅰ样地至Ⅲ样地大致呈逐渐增加趋势,而土壤团聚体分形维数则呈相反分布规律; 土壤颗粒组成从Ⅰ样地至Ⅲ样地呈砂粒含量逐渐减少而黏粒含量逐渐增加的规律。综上,滑坡体表层黏粒土壤大量流失后,表层土壤沙砾化,土壤团聚体的稳定性降低,表现出较强的结构性空间自相关。
Abstract:
After May 12 Wenchuan earthquake, a large number of geological hazards appeared such as landslides and collapses. As a common geological hazard, landslides seriously destructed mountain vegetation and soil structure. In the landslide of Fenghuang Mountain in the Leigu town, Beichuan County, landslide area(Ⅰ), transition area(Ⅱ)and non-damaged area(Ⅲ)were selected as the research plots. Combined with the grid sampling, laboratory analysis, Geo-statistics, and classical statistics methods, the characteristics of soil physical properties were studied. The results showed that sand contents was the dominant fraction of soil in three plots which was significant higher than that of clay and silt. The fractal dimension of soil particle composition had high negative correlation with sand content. However, it had high positive correlation with clay and slit contents. The soil dry aggregates content in plotⅠand plot Ⅲ were the lowest and highest among three plots whose diameter were more than 5 mm, respectively. Meanwhile, soil water stable aggregates accounted for the largest proportion whose diameter was more than 2 mm. Furthermore, soil water stable aggregate contents generally decreased with the decrease of aggregate diameter size. The values of Mean Weight Diameter(MWD)and Geometric Mean Diameter(GMD)were the biggest in plot Ⅲ, followed by plotⅡand plotⅠfor soil water stability aggregates and soil dry aggregates. The fractal dimensions of soil dry aggregate almost were equal between plotⅠ and plot Ⅱ which are bigger than that of plot Ⅲ. Nevertheless, the fractal dimension of soil water stability aggregates was biggest in plotⅠ, followed by plot Ⅱand plot Ⅲ. The semi-variance model of soil aggregates stability parameters and soil particle composition had a higher fitting degree. The block ratio of clay particle and the MWD of soil water stability aggregates were 45.9% and 65.3%, respectively, With the exception of MWD as moderate spatial autocorrelation. Soil aggregate parameters and soil particles showed highly spatial autocorrelation. The MWD and GMD values of soil dry aggregates and water stability aggregates increased gradually from plotⅠto plot Ⅲ. However, the distribution of soil aggregate fractal dimension appeared opposite order. Content of sand soil and clay soil decreased and increased gradually from plotⅠto plot Ⅲ, respectively. Above all, loss of soil clay particles resulted in sand granulation of surface soil. The stability of the aggregate decreased. Moreover, soil particle composition and aggregate showed a strong spatial autocorrelation.

参考文献/References:

[1] 崔鹏,韦方强,何思明,等. 5·12汶川地震诱发的山地灾害及减灾措施[J]. 山地学报,2008,26(3):280-282. [CUI Peng, WEI Fangqiang, HE Siming, et al. Mountain disasters induced by the earthquake of May 12 in Wenchuan and the disasters mitigation[J]. Mountain Research, 2008, 26(3): 280-282.]
[2] 殷跃平. 汶川八级地震滑坡特征分析[J].工程地质学报,2009,17(1):29-38. [YIN Yueping. Features of landslides triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake [J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2009, 17(1): 29-38]
[3] 麦积山,赵廷宁,郑江坤,等. 北川震后滑坡体表层土壤养分的空间变化[J]. 应用生态学报,2015,26(12):3588-3594. [MAI Jishan, ZHAO Tingning, ZHENG Jiangkun, et al. Spatial variability of surface soil nutrients in the landslide area of Beichuan County, South-west China, after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(12): 3588-3594]
[4] 汤家法, 胥忞旻, 张雅茜. 北川震后重建居民点存在的问题与调控对策[J].山地学报, 2016, 34(2):242-248.[TANG Jiafa, XU Minmin, ZHANG Yaxi. Some problems and its adjustment measures of reconstructed settlements after earthquake in Beichuan [J]. Mountain Research, 2016, 34(2): 242-248]
[5] 王德,傅伯杰,陈利顶,等. 不同土地利用类型下土壤粒径分形分析--以黄土丘陵沟壑区为例[J].生态学报,2007,27(7):3081-3089. [WANG De, FU Bojie, CHEN Liding, et al. Fractal analysis on soil particle size distributions under different land-use types: a case study in the loess hilly areas of the Loess Plateau, China [J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2007, 27(7): 3081-3089]
[6] 吕圣桥,高鹏,耿广坡,等. 黄河三角洲滩地土壤颗粒分形特征及其与土壤有机质的关系[J]. 水土保持学报,2011,25(6): 134-138. [LV Shengqiao, GAO Peng, GENG Guangpo, et al. Characteristics of soil particles and their correlation with soil organic matter in lowlands of the Yellow river delta [J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(6): 134-138]
[7] 张淑娟,何勇,方慧. 基于GPS和GIS的田间土壤特性空间变异性的研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2003,19(2):39-44. [ZHANG Shujuan, HE Yong, FANG Hui. Spatial variability of soil properties in the field based on GPS and GIS [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society Agricultural Engineering, 2003, 19(2):39-44]
[8] HUGGETT R J. Soil chronosequences, soil development, and soil evolution: a critical review [J]. Catena, 1998, 32(3): 155-172.
[9] 刘国顺,常栋,叶协锋,等. 基于GIS的缓坡烟田土壤养分空间变异研究[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(8): 2586-2595. [LIU Guoshun, CHANG Dong, YE Xiefeng, et al. Spatial variability characteristics of soil nutrients in tobacco fields of gentle slope based on GIS [J]. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2013, 33(8): 2586-2595]
[10] 吴昊. 秦岭山地松栎混交林土壤养分空间变异及其与地形因子的关系[J]. 自然资源学报,2015,30(5):858-869. [WU Hao. The relationship between terrain factors and spatial variability of soil nutrients for Pine-Oak mixed forest in Qinling Mountains [J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(5): 858-869]
[11] 王晓军,武江涛,王兵,等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域土壤水分空间变异[J]. 生态学杂志,2015,34(9):2568-2575. [WANG Xiaojun, WU Jiangtao, WANG Bing, et al. Spatial variability of soil moisture in hilly and gully Loess Plateau [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2015, 34(9): 2568-2575]
[12] 薛涛.小流域土壤团聚体稳定性及空间变异特性研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学,2010:23-36. [XUE Tao. Characteristics of soil aggregation stability and its spatial variability in the Small Watershed of south Hunan Province [D]. Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2010:23-36]
[13] CHENG Song, YANG Gang, YU Hui, et al. Impacts of Wenchuan Earthquake-induced landslides on soil physical properties and tree growth [J]. Ecological Indicators, 2012, 15(1): 263-270.
[14] WALKER L R, VELAZQUEZ E, SHIELS A B. Applying lessons from ecological succession to the restoration of landslides [J]. Plant & Soil, 2009, 324(1): 157-168.
[15] 吴聪,王金牛,卢涛,等.汶川地震对龙门山地区山地土壤理化性质的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2012,18(6):911-916. [WU Cong, WANG Jinniu, LU Tao, et al. Effect of Wenchuan earthquake on soil physical and chemical properties of the Longmen Mountain, southwestern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology, 2012, 18(6): 911-916]
[16] 王金牛,孙庚,石福孙,等.汶川地震对典型亚热带森林地表径流和土壤侵蚀的影响[J].应用与环境生物学报,2013,19(5):766-773. [WANG Jinniu, SUN Geng, SHI Fusun, et al. runoff and soil loss of a typical subtropical forest stricken by Wenchuan Earthquake [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied & Environmental Biology, 2013, 19(5): 766-773]
[17] 甘建军. 汶川地震区大型堆积体变形破坏模式及稳定性研究[D]. 成都:成都理工大学,2014:56-58. [GAN Jianjun. Stability analysis of loose large-scale deposits in Wenchuan Earthquake areas: deformation and failure modes [D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2014: 56-58]
[18] 麦积山. 北川震后滑坡体表层土壤理化性质空间变化特征[D]. 成都:四川农业大学,2016:1-47.[MAI Jishan. Spatial variability properties of surface soil physiochemical in the landslide area of Beichuan County, Southwestern China, after 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake [D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University,2016: 1-47]
[19] 张万儒,杨光滢,屠星南.森林土壤分析方法[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2000:57-70. [ZHANG Wanru, YANG Guangying, TU Xingnan. Forest Soil Analysis Method [M]. Beijing: China Standards Press, 2000: 57-70]
[20] 周虎,吕贻忠,杨志臣,等.保护性耕作对华北平原土壤团聚体特征的影响[J].中国农业科学,2007,40(9):1973-1979. [ZHOU Hu, LV Yizhong, YANG Zhichen, et al. Effect of conservation tillage on soil aggregates in Huabei plain, China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(9): 1973-1979]
[21] 杨培岭,罗远培,石元春.用粒径的重量分布表征的土壤分形特征[J]. 科学通报,1993,38(20):1896-1899. [YANG Peiling, LUO Yuanpei, SHI Yuanchun. Soil fraction property by particle size gravity distribution[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1993, 38(20): 1896-1899]
[22] 郭旭东,傅伯杰,马克明,等.基于GIS和地统计学的土壤养分空间变异特征研究--以河北省遵化市为例[J].应用生态学报,2000,11(4):101-557. [GUO Xudong, FU Bojie, MA Keming, et al. Spatial variability of soil nutrients based on geostatistics combined with GIS-A case study in Zunhua City of Hebei Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000, 11(4): 101-557]
[23] 司建华,冯起,鱼腾飞,等. 额济纳绿洲土壤养分的空间异质性[J]. 生态学杂志,2009,28(12):2600-2606. [SI Jianhua, FENG Qi, YU Tengfei, et al. Spatial heterogeneity of soil nutrients in Ejina oasis [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28(12): 2600-2606]
[24] 党亚爱,李世清,王国栋,等. 黄土高原典型土壤剖面土壤颗粒组成分性特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(9):74-78. [DANG Yaai, LI Shiqing, WANG Guodong, et al. Fractal characteristics of soil particle composition for typical types of soil profile on Loess Plateau [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society Agricultural Engineering, 2009, 25(9): 74-78]
[25] 石占飞,王力,王建国.陕北神木矿区土壤颗粒体积分性特征及意义[J].干旱区研究, 2011, 28(3): 394-400. [SHI Zhanfei, WANG Li, WANG Jianguo. Volume fractal characteristics and significance of soil particles in the Shenmu Colliery in North Shaanxi Province [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2011, 28(3): 394-400]
[26] 姬慧娟,徐国栋,张利,等. 地震滑坡区覆盖生态毯对土壤湿度和养分的影响[J].四川林业科技,2014,35(6):47-50. [JI Huijuan, XU Guodong, ZHANG Li, et al. The effect of applying the eco-blanket on the soil moisture and nutrient in landslide areas caused by the earthquake [J]. Journal of Sichuan Forestry Science and Technology, 2014, 35(6): 47-50]
[27] 谭秋锦,宋同清,彭晚霞,等.峡谷型喀斯特不同生态系统土壤团聚体及有机碳特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014,25(3):671-678. [TAN Qiujin, SONG Tongqing, PENG Wanxia, et al. Spatial and organic carbon characteristics of soil aggregates under different ecosystem in karst canyon region [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(3): 671-678]
[28] 史奕,陈欣,沈善敏.土壤团聚体的稳定机制及人类活动的影响[J].应用生态学报, 2002, 13(11): 1495-1498. [SHI Yi, CHEN Xin, SHEN Shanmin. Mechanisms of organic cementing soil aggregate formation and its theoretical models [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2002, 13(11): 1495-1498]
[29] 姚贤良,许绣云,于德芬. 不同利用方式下红壤结构的形成[J]. 土壤学报,1990,27(1):25-33. [YAO Xianliang, XU Xiuyun, YU Defang. Formation of structure in red soils under different forms of utilization [J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1990, 27(1): 25-33]

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2016-11-19; 改回日期(Accepted date):2018-11-11
基金项目(Foundation item):国家自然科学基金项目(41601028, 41671277); 国家林业局公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201104109); 中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2012M511938)。 [National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601028, 41671277); Special Funds for Scientific Research Project of Public Welfare Industry of State Forestry Administration(201104109); General Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2012M511938)]
作者简介(Biography):麦积山(1991-),男,四川绵阳人,硕士,助理工程师,主要从事水土保持的研究。[MAI Jishan(1991-), male, born in Mianyang city of Sichuan province, M.Sc. research on soil and water conservation]E-mail:358418282@qq.com
*通讯作者(Corresponding author):郑江坤(1982-),男,河北邢台人,博士,副教授,主要从事生态水文的研究。[ZHENG Jiangkun(1982-), male, born in Xingtai city of Hebei province, Ph. D, associate professor, research on eco-hydrology]E-mail:jiangkunzheng@126.com
更新日期/Last Update: 2019-01-30