[1]廖丽萍,朱颖彦*,杨志全,等.震区砾石土泥石流起动临界状态与力学性状[J].山地学报,2017,(04):506-516.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000248]
　LIAO Liping,,et al.The Mechanical Property of Gravel Soil in Seismic Area and Its Critical State in Initiating Debris Flow[J].Mountain Research,2017,(04):506-516.[doi:10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000248]
点击复制

震区砾石土泥石流起动临界状态与力学性状()
分享到：

《山地学报》[ISSN:1008-2186/CN:51-1516]

卷:
期数:
2017年04期
页码:
506-516
栏目:
山地灾害
出版日期:
2017-07-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Mechanical Property of Gravel Soil in Seismic Area and Its Critical State in Initiating Debris Flow
文章编号:
1008-2786-(2017)4-506-11
作者:
廖丽萍1; 2; 3; 朱颖彦4*; 杨志全5; 杨云川1; 2; 3; 胡 进6; 邹代华7; 罗晓宏8
1.广西大学 土木建筑工程学院,南宁530004;
2.工程防灾与结构安全教育部重点实验室,南宁530004;
3.广西防灾减灾与工程安全重点实验室,南宁530004;
4.中国科学院成都山地灾害与环境研究所,成都 610041;
5.昆明理工大学 国土资源工程学院 昆明650093;
6.苏州市伟基基础工程有限公司,江苏 苏州215100;
7.Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhous
Author(s):
LIAO Liping1;  2;  3;  ZHU Yingyan4*;  YANG Zhiquan5;  YANG Yunchuan1;  2;  3;  HU Jin6;  STEVE Zou7;  LUO Xiaohong8
1.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
2.Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
3.Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
4.Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy, Chengdu 610041, China;
5.Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
6.Suzhou Wei Base Foundation Engineering Co, LTD, Suzhou 215100, China;
7.Department of Civil and Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3 H4 K5;
8.Hubei Communications Technical College,Wuhan 430074, China
关键词:
汶川震区;  砾石土;  泥石流;  临界状态;  力学性状
Keywords:
Wenchuan seismic area;  gravel soil;  debris flow;  critical state;  mechanical property
分类号:
P642
DOI:
10.16089/j.cnki.1008-2786.000248
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
虽然汶川震区的松散砾石土历经近10年的自然固结过程,坡面植被恢复良好,但灾后持续活跃的泥石流等地质灾害告诉我们,了解这类因地震产生的砾石土的力学性状,仍然是理解灾区地质灾害肆虐的最重要的方面之一。本文以汶川县映秀镇牛圈沟泥石流源区的砾石土为研究对象,采用人工水槽模型试验与三轴测试,观察泥石流起动时砾石土的宏细观现象,分析粗细颗粒含量变化对砾石土干密度的影响,并从临界状态土力学角度,探讨了泥石流起动时砾石土的力学性状,提出砾石土临界状态数学表达式。结果表明:(1)泥石流起动时间、模式与初始干密度密切相关,其过程伴随着干密度和孔隙比的变化;(2)细颗粒迁移与粗细颗粒含量调整引起土体内部细观结构重组是干密度与孔隙比变化的主要原因;(3)相同级配的砾石土在等同围压条件下排水剪切,会近似达到一个临界孔隙比;(4)砾石土力学性状可根据其状态参数(e, p')与ec-p'平面临界状态线的相对位置来判断;(5)砾石土边坡在降雨淋溶下失稳形成泥石流,坡体内同时存在剪胀与剪缩两种力学性状,且以剪胀为主。本文研究成果一方面能对泥石流起动机理的理论体系进行完善与补充,另一方面能为震区砾石土泥石流的防治预警预报提供初步依据。
Abstract:
Although gravel soils generated by seismic shaking in Wenchuan earthquake area have subjected to natural consolidation process for nearly ten years, geological hazards, such as slope failures with ensuing debris flows, frequently are haunting the area.To understand the nature of geohazard initiation, in this paper, artificial flume experiments and triaxial tests were used to make close observation on gravel soil samples, which were collected at Niujuan valley, Yingxiu Town of Wenchuan County, Sichuan Province, China.Based on the mechanical property analysis of gravel soil samples, some results relevant to the micro-macro property, action of coarse-fine particles content on dry density, and critical state of gravel soils in the process of motivating debris flow were confirmed:(1)The timing and patterns of debris flow initiations were closely related to their initial dry densities, and initiation processes were accompanied with a variation of dry density and void ratio;(2)Fine particle migration in soil and coarse-fine particle content rearrangement contributed to the internal micro structure reorganization, which was supposed to be the main reason for variation of dry density and void ratio;(3)Gravel soils with unchanged grain compositions, if under the same hydrostatic compression, they approached to an identical critical void ratio theshold to fail;(4)The mechanical state of certain sort of gravel soil can be identified by its relative position between state parameter(e, p')and ec-p' planar critical state line;(5)Gravel soil slope failed and then evolved into debris flow under lasting rainfall leaching, while in gravel slope there co-existed soil dilatation and contraction, but the dilatation was dominant.Above research findings not only could be used to interpret debris flow initiation but also would provide an insight for debris flow warning forecast of gravel slope in seismic area.

参考文献/References:

[1] 谢洪, 钟敦伦, 矫震, 等.2008年汶川地震重灾区的泥石流[J].山地学报.2009, 27(4): 501-509.[XIE Hong, ZHONG Dunlun, JIAO Zhen, et al.Debris flow in Wenchuan quake-hit area in 2008[J].Mountain Research, 2009, 27(4): 501-509.]
[2] 屈永平, 唐川, 王金亮, 等.强震区泥石流启动机制[J].山地学报.2012, 30(3): 336～341.[QU Yongping, TANG Chuan, WANG Jinliang, et al.Debris flow initiation mechanisms in strong earthquake area[J].Mountain Research, 2012,30(3): 336-341.]
[3] 崔鹏, 庄建琦, 陈兴长, 等.汶川地震区震后泥石流活动特征与防治对策[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版).2010, 42(5): 10-19.[CUI Peng, ZHUANG Jianqi, CHEN Xingchang, et al.Characteristics and countermeasures of debris flow in Wenchuan area after the earthquake[J].Journal of Sichuan University(Engine-ering Science Edition), 2010,42(5): 10-19.]
[4] 唐川, 梁京涛.汶川震区北川“9·24”暴雨泥石流特征研究[J].工程地质学报.2008, 16(6): 751-758.[TANG Chuan, LIANG Jingtao.Characteristics of debris flows in Beichuan epicenter of the Wenchuan earthquake triggered by rainstorm on september 24, 2008[J].Journal of Engineering Geology, 2008, 16(6): 751-758.]
[5] LIU C, HUANG H, DONG J.Impacts of September 21, 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake on the characteristics of gully-type debris flows in central Taiwan[J].Natural Hazards.2008, 47(3): 349-368.
[6] 周伟, 唐川, 周春花.汶川震区暴雨泥石流激发雨量特征[J].水科学进展.2012, 23(5): 650-655.[ZHOU Wei, TANG Chuan, ZHOU Chunhua.Critical rainfall characteristics for rainfall-induced debris flows in Wenchuan earthquake affected areas[J].Advances in Water Science, 2012,23(5): 650-655.]
[7] DAI F C, LEE C F, WANG S J.Analysis of rainstorm-induced slide-debris flows on natural terrain of Lantau Island, Hong Kong[J].Engineering Geology.1999, 51(4): 279-290.
[8] 戴福初, 李焯芬, 黄志全, et al.火山岩坡残积土地区暴雨滑坡泥石流的形成机理[J].工程地质学报.1999, 7(2): 147-153.[DAI Fuchu, LI Zhuofen, HUANG Zhiquan, et al.Mechanism for rainstorm-induced soil slide-debris flows in area with volcanic rock-derived soils[J].Journal of Engineering Geology, 1999, 7(2): 147-153.]
[9] 戴福初, 陈守义, 李焯芬.从土的应力应变特性探讨滑坡发生机理[J].岩土工程学报.2000, 22(1): 127-130.[DAI Fuchu, CHEN Shouyi, LI Zhuofen.Analysis of landslide initiative mechanism based on stress-strain behavior of soil[J].Chinese Journal Of Geotechnical Engineering, 2000, 22(1): 127-130.]
[10] DAI F C, LEE C F, WANG S J.Stress-strain behaviour of a loosely compacted voleanic-derived soil and its significance to rainfall-induced fill slope failures[J].Engineering Geology.1999, 53: 359-370.
[11] 戴福初, 王思敬, 李焯芬.松散击实火山岩坡残积土的应力应变特性及其对滑坡的意义[J].岩土工程学报.1999, 21(3): 257-262.[DAI Fuchu, WANG Sijing, LI Zhuofen.Stress-strain behavior of a loosely-compacted volcanic-derived soil and its implications to landsliding[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 1999, 21(3): 257-262.]
[12] FlEMING R W, ELLEN S D, ALGUS M A.Transformation of dilative and contractive landslide debris into debris flows—An example from marin County, California[J].Engineering Geology.1989, 27(1): 201-223.
[13] ANDERSON S A, REIMER M F.Collapse of saturated soil due to reduction in confinement[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1995, 121(2): 216-220.
[14] IVERSON R M, REID M E, Lahusen R G.Debris-flow mobilization from landslides[J].Annual.Review of Earth & Planetary Sciences.1997, 25: 85-138.
[15] CASTRO G.Liquefaction of sand[D].1969, Harvard University.
[16] CASAGRANDE A.Characteristics of cohesionless soils affecting the stability of slopes and earth fills[J].Journal of the Boston Society of Civil Engineers.1936, 23(1): 13-32.
[17] ROSCOE K H, SCHOFIELD A N, WROTH C P.On the yielding of soils[J].Geotechnique.1958, 8(1): 22-53.
[18] SCHOFIELD A N, WROTH C P, Critical state soil mechanics[M], 1968: University of Cambridge.
[19] WROTH C P, BASSETT R H.A stress-strain relationship for the shearing behaviour of a sand[J].Geotechnique 1965, 15(1): 32-56.
[20] STROUD M A.The behaviour of sand at low stress leuels in the simple shear apparatus[D].1971, University of Cambridge, UK.
[21] POULOS S J.The steady state of deformation[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division.1981, 107(5): 553-562.
[22] CASAGRANDE A.Liquefaction and cyclic deformations of sands a critical review[C].Proc.of Fifth Panamerican Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Buenos Aires, Argentina.1975, 5: 79-133.
[23] BEEN K, JEFFERIES M G.A state parameter for sands[J].Geotechnique.1985, 35(2): 99-112.
[24] SLADEN J A, HOLLANDER R D, KRAHN J, et al.Back analysis of the Nerlerk berm liquefaction slides[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal.1985, 22(4): 579-588
[25] ALARCON G, ALEONARDS G A.Discussion of ‘liquefaction evaluation procedure' by Steve J.Poulos, Gonzalo Castro, and John W.France[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1988, 114(2): 232-236.
[26] SASSA K.The mechanism to initiate debris flows as undrained shear of loose sediments[J].Internationales Symposium Interpraevent.1984: 73-87.
[27] WANG G H, SASSA K.Pore-pressure generation and movement of rainfall-induced landslides:effects of grainsize and fine-particle content[J].Engineering Geology.2003, 69: 109-125.
[28] IVERSON R M, REID M E, IVERSON N R, et al.Acute sensitivity of landslide rates to initial soil porosity[J].Science.2000, 290(5491): 513-516.
[29] IVERSON R M.Landslide triggering by rain infiltration[J].Water Resources Research.2000, 36(7): 1897-1910.
[30] IVERSON R M.Regulation of landslide motion by dilatancy and pore pressure feedback[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres.2005, 110(F0): 1-16.
[31] VERDUGO R, ISHIHARA K.The steady state of sandy soils[J].Soil and Foundation.1996, 36(2): 81-91.
[32] GABET E J, MUDD S M.The mobilization of debris flows from shallow landslides[J].Geomorphology.2006, 74(1-4): 207-218.
[33] 董辉, 胡自然, 傅鹤林, 等.质量密度及围压影响的堆积碎石土变形特性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版).2015, 46(10): 3879-3887.[DONG Hui, HU Ziran, FU Helin, et al.Analysis of deformation characteristics of eluvial gravel soil under mass density fand confining pressure[J].Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2015, 46(10): 3879-3887.]
[34] 陈守义.试论土的应力应变模式与滑坡发育过程的关系[J].岩土力学.1996, 17(3): 21-26.[CHEN Shouyi.Relationship between stress-strain modes of soils and growing processes of landslides[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1996, 17(3): 21-26.]
[35] 朱颖彦.砾石土边坡稳定性研究—以泥石流堆积砾石土为例[D].2006, 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所.[ZHU Yingyan.Research on the Stability of Gravel Soil Slope: Based on Debris Flow Sediment[D].2006, Chendu: Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Conservancy]
[36] 朱颖彦, 崔鹏, 陈晓清.泥石流堆积体边坡失稳机理的试验与稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2005, 24(21): 3927-3934.[ZHU Yingyan, CUI Peng, CHEN Xiaoqing.Experiment on mechanism of slope failure of debris flow fan and stability analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2005, 24(21): 3927-3934.]
[37] 金艳丽, 戴福初.灌溉诱发黄土滑坡机理研究[J].岩土工程学报.2007, 29(10): 1493-1499.[JIN Yanli, DAI Fuchu.The mechanism of irrigation-induced landslides of loess[J].Chinese Joural of Geotechnical Engineering, 2007, 29(10): 1493-1499.]
[38] 金艳丽, 戴福初.饱和黄土的静态液化特性试验研究[J].岩土力学.2008, 29(12): 3293-3298.[JIN Yanli, DAI Fuchu.Experimental investigation of static liquefaction of saturated loess[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2008, 29(12): 3293-3298.]
[39] 魏厚振.蒋家沟泥石流砾石土力学性状与起动过程分析研究[D].2008, 中国科学院研究生院(武汉岩土力学研究所).[WEI Houzhen.Mechanical behavior of gravelly soil and analysis initiation of deris flows in Jiangjia ravine[D].2008, Institute of Rock & Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science.]
[40] 张明, 胡瑞林, 殷跃平.滑坡型泥石流转化机制环剪试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2010, 29(4): 822-832.[ZHANG Ming, HU Ruilin, YIN Yueping.Study of transform mechanism of landslide-debris flow with ring shear test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(4): 822-832.]
[41] 陈晓斌.红砂岩粗粒土剪胀效应大型三轴试验研究[J].岩土力学与工程学报.2010, 29(S1): 3145-3149.[CHEN Xiaobin.Study of dilatancy effect of redstone coarse grained soil by large scale triaxial tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 29(S1): 3145-3149.]
[42] 刘恩龙, 陈生水, 李国英, 等.堆石料的临界状态与考虑颗粒破碎的本构模型[J].岩土力学.2011, 32(S2): 148-154.[LIU Enlong, CHEN Shengshui, LI Guoying, et al.Critical state of rockfill materials and a constitutive model considering grain crushing[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(S2): 148-154.]
[43] 刘恩龙, 覃燕林, 陈生水, 等.堆石料的临界状态探讨[J].水利学报.2012, 43(5): 505-519.[LIU Enlong, QIN Yanlin, CHEN Shengshui, et al.Investigation on critical state of rockfill materials[J].Shuili Xuebao, 2012, 43(5): 505-511,519.]
[44] 周跃峰, 谭国焕, 甄伟文, 等.入渗诱发黄土滑坡的力学机制[J].岩土力学.2013, 34(11): 3173-3179, 3186.[ZHOU Yuefeng, TAN Guohuan, ZHEN Weiwen, et al.Mechanism of infiltration-induced loess landslides[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2013, 34(11): 3173-3179, 3186.]
[45] ZHOU Y F, THAM L G, YAN W M, et al.Laboratory study on soil behavior in loess slope subjected to infiltration[J].Engineering Geology.2014, 183: 31-38.
[46] 张登飞, 陈存礼, 李文文, 等.Q3 原状非饱和黄土的水量变化和临界状态特性[J].岩土工程学报.2015, 37(S1): 197-201.[ZHANG Dengfei, CHEN Cunli, LI Wenwen, et al.Charcteristics of critical state and water volume change for Q3 unsaturated intact loess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(S1): 197-201.]
[47] 迟明杰, 赵成刚, 李小军.砂土剪胀机理的研究[J].土木工程学报.2009, 42(3): 99-104.[CHI Mingjie, ZHAO Chenggang, LI Xiaojun.Stress-dilation mechanism of sands[J].China civil engineering journal, 2009, 42(3): 99-104.]
[48] CHEN Ningsheng, ZHU Yunhua, HUANG Qi, et al.Mechanisms involved in triggering debris flows within a cohesive gravel soil mass on a slope: a case in SW China [J].Journal of Mountain Science.2017, 14(4): 611-620.
[49] 陈仲颐, 周景星, 王洪瑾.土力学[M], 北京: 清华大学出版社, 1994.[CHEN Zhongyi, ZHOU Jingxing, WANG Hongjin.Soil Mechanics[M], Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 1994.]
[50] 陈宁生, 崔鹏, 王晓颖, 等.地震作用下泥石流源区砾石土体强度的衰减实验[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2004, 23(16): 2743-2747.[CHEN Ningsheng, CUI Peng, WANG Xiaoying, et al.Testing study on strength reduction of gravelly soil in triggering area of debris flow under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004, 23(16): 2743-2747.]
[51] 庄建琦, 崔鹏, 胡凯衡, 等.细颗粒迁移在泥石流形成过程中的作用[J].山地学报.2015, 33(6): 713-720.[ZHUANG Jianqi, CUI Peng, HU Kaiheng, et al.Fine particle size moving and it's effective on debris flow initiation[J].Mountain Research, 2015, 33(6): 713-720.]
[52] 高冰, 周健, 张姣.泥石流启动过程中水土作用机制的宏细观分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报.2011, 30(12): 2567-2573.[GAO Bing, ZHOU Jian, ZHANG Jiao.Macro-meso analysis of water-soil interaction mechanism of debris flow starting process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2011, 30(12): 2567-2573.]
[53] 郭庆国.粗粒土的工程特性及应用[M], 郑州: 黄河水利出版社, 1998.[GUO Qingguo.Engineering features and utilization of coarse-grained soil, Zhengzhou: The Yellow River Water Conservancy Press, 1998.]
[54] 王志兵, 汪稔, 胡明鉴, 等.蒋家沟砾石土的特性及其对斜坡失稳的意义[J].岩土力学.2010, 31(S2): 206-211.[WANG Zhibin, WANG Nian, HU Mingjian, et al.Characteristics of gravelly soil and their implications for slope instability in Jiangjiagou ravine[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2010, 31(S2): 206-211.]
[55] 蒋中明, 王为, 冯树荣, 等.砂砾石土渗透变形特性的应力状态相关性试验研究[J].水利学报.2013, 44(12): 1498-1505.[JIANG Zhongming, WANG Wei, FENG Shurong, et al.Experimental of study on the relevance between stress state and seepage failure of sandy-gravel soil[J].Shuili Xuebao, 2013, 44(12): 1498-1505.]
[56] 徐舜华, 郑刚, 徐光黎.考虑剪切硬化的砂土临界状态本构模型[J].岩土工程学报.2009, 31(6): 953-958.[XU Shunhua, ZHENG Gang, XU Guangli.Critical state constitutive model of sand with shear hardening[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2009, 31(6): 953-958.]

相似文献/References:

[1]乐茂华,朱静,黄勋,等.雍家沟泥石流活动特征与堵江[J].山地学报,2013,(05):573.
　LE Maohua,ZHU Jing,HUANG Xun,et al.Activity Characteristics and Damming of Yongjiagou Debris Flow in Qingping Area after Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Mountain Research,2013,(04):573.
[2]铁永波,唐川,倪化勇,等.暴雨泥石流冲出距离预测[J].山地学报,2011,(02):250.
　TIE Yongbo,TANG Chuan,et al.Predication of Rainstorminduced Debris Flow Runout Distance[J].Mountain Research,2011,(04):250.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
收稿日期(Received date):2016-12-5; 改回日期(Accepted date): 2017-1-15
基金项目(Foundation item):国家自然科学基金项目(41071058; 41402272; 51609041); 广西科技厅基金(2015 GXNSFBA139222); 广西防灾减灾与工程安全重点实验室项目(2016 ZDX09)[National Natural Science Foundation of China(41071058, 41402272, 51609041); Natural Science Fund Project of Guangxi Province of China(2015 GXNSFBA139222); Disaster Prevention and Mitigation and Engineering Safety Key Laboratory Project of Guangxi Province(2016 ZDX09)]
作者简介(Biography):廖丽萍(1985-),女,广西柳州人,博士后,讲师,主要研究方向:地质灾害机理与防治技术[Liao LiPing(1985-), female, Liuzhou, Guangxi, postdoctor, lecturer, specialized in mechanism and the prevention technology of geological hazards] E-mail:01 llp@163.com
*通讯作者(Corresponding author):朱颖彦(1971-),男,湖北武汉人,博士,副研究员,主要研究方向:地质灾害机理与防治技术。[Zhu Yingyan(1971-), male, Ph.D., associate professor, research on geohazard mechanism and prevention technology] E-mail: zh_y_y@imde.ac.cn
更新日期/Last Update: 2017-07-30