泥石流警报技术探索-《山地学报》

文章信息/Info

作者:: 钟敦伦;张金山;谢洪;崔鹏;; 1.中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所，四川成都 610041；
2.中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室，四川成都 610041

Author(s):: ZHONG Dunlun; ZHANG Jinshan; XIE Hong; CUI Peng; 1．Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment，Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Conservanc， Chengdu 610041，China；
2.Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Chengdu 610041，China

摘要:: 泥石流警报是减轻泥石流灾害,尤其是减少人员伤亡和贵重财物损失的重要手段。泥石流警报划分为4个类型:提示性警报、形成性警报、非成灾性警报和成灾性警报。泥石流警报的监测机构,划分为4个级别:泥石流预警一级监测站、二级监测站、三级监测站和预警简易监测点。泥石流预警一级监测站主要承担泥石流可能造成的特大灾和超特大灾的警报监测任务,二级监测站主要承担泥石流可能造成的大灾的警报监测任务,三级监测站主要承担泥石流可能造成的中灾的警报监测任务,泥石流预警简易监测点主要承担泥石流可能造成的小灾的警报监测任务。泥石流警报的监测项目:专业监测包括降水、气象其他要素、泥石流次声、地声、泥位、流速、重度、粘度、沟道冲淤...

Abstract:: Alarm is important in reducing hazards from debris flow. The alarm concerns the formation and hazard potentiality of the event and there are four levels of monitoring. The first level focuses on debris flows with the potential of extremely high hazard, the second on high hazard; the third on t medium hazard, and the fourth on small hazard. Parameters include rainfall, other climate factors, infrasound of debris flow, ground sound, mud level, flow velocity, density, viscosity, and channel variation. Easy monitoring includes forewarning, rainfall, water (mud) level, sediment variation, and infrasound. The parameter observation must follow rules and criterions of meteorology, hydrology, and other professional requirements. The hazard of debris flow falls into 14 levels in 4 classes, according to the critical indices. Data analysis includes the moving rainfall (intensity) of 10 min, 1 h, and 24 h, with comparison with the triggering rainfall of the historical events. The mud mark of the crosssection can be used to estimate the flow discharge by production of the crosssection area and the velocity Qc=Wc×Vc. Once the debris flow dams the mainstream river, measurements must be taken immediately on the dam body and then the impounded water and the possible inundated area be estimated. The time ahead the occurrence is determined by t = L/Vc.

备注/Memo:: 收稿日期(Received date)：2010-09-01；改回日期(Accepted) : 2010-09-28。
基金项目（Foundation item）：中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室开放
基金项目泥石流预警预报技术规程编制关键技术研究资助。\[Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Surface Process，Chinese Academy of Sciences Opening Funding Project and Key Technologies Research for Technical Specification of Debris Flow Alarm.\]
作者简介（Biography）：钟敦伦(1937- ), 男, 四川宜宾人,研究员，主要从事泥石流及其防治研究。\[Zhong Dunlun (1937 - ) , male , born in Yibin of Sichuan , professor, majoring on debris flow research.\]